Learning objectives

The training objectives of the course are:
-knowledge of the assumptions and general criteria for interpreting laboratory tests based on the concepts of normality, reference intervals, intra- and inter-individual analytical and biological variability:
-interpretation of the diagnostic value of laboratory tests, in terms of specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value;
- knowledge of the fundamental principles of laboratory methodologies in the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases;
- knowledge of the pathophysiological meaning underlying the alterations of laboratory indices and ability to integrate these alterations with the signs and symptoms clinically detected by the anamnesis and physical examination to arrive at a diagnostic interpretation of the most important clinical syndromes;
-recognize, on the basis of the pathophysiological and clinical significance of the laboratory tests, the reasons for the examination requests, the operational logic and the semiological value of the individual tests in a typical clinical case series;
-learn the prerequisites of expert systems for analysis and validation of laboratory data and image digitization;
-understand the role of automation in the modern clinical laboratory;
-learn the principles of telemedicine and remote validation.
Clinical Biochemistry - Laboratory Medicine Module
The specific objectives of the module are the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the interpretation of laboratory tests relating to individual organs and systems, referring in particular to the following topics:
-blood count;
-blood coagulation system;
-carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes;
-lipid metabolism, atherosclerotic disease and its complications;
-acid-base and hydroelectrolyte balance;
-plasma proteins and inflammation indices;
-renal function; liver function;
-acute myocardial infarction;
-enzymes in disease diagnosis and monitoring;
-tumor biomarkers;
-main endocrine alterations (thyroid, adrenals, gonads, phospho-calcium metabolism);
-pregnancy monitoring;
-molecular biology applications.
Further objectives are knowledge of the main genetic diseases and related identification tests, and knowledge of the general principles and main methods of therapeutic drug monitoring.
Practical Teaching Module of Laboratory Medicine
The objectives of the module, to be achieved through small group exercises, are:
-ability to perform and interpret a haemocytometric test and the main haemocoagulation tests;
-performing a rapid blood sugar test;
-interpretation of the main lipid metabolism tests;
-interpretation of tests for the evaluation of acid-base and hydroelectrolyte balance;
-results of renal and liver function tests.

Examination Methods

Oral examination finalized to verify the knowledge of the course contents.

Evaluation criteria

The test ascertains the level of knowledge of the theoretical contents and the ability to use language in describing the contents of the program. The final vote is considered positive for a score equal to or greater than 18/30.