The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

Knowledge of principles of growth and auxology; measures of growth, of bone and pubertal age.
Knowledge of most frequent growth pathologies, harmonic and disarmonic; overweight and obesity, epidemiology; general concepts of genetics and epigenetics.
Knowledge of skeletal functions and hormonal control of skeletal longitudinal growth, bone mass growth and peak bone mass. Knowledge of the importance of physical exercise on growth.
Knowledge of pediatric fractures, their epidemiology, causes and physiopathology. Definition and knowledge of primary and secondary pediatric osteoporosis: methods for prevention and therapy.
Knowledge of the importance of physical exercise, rehabilitative therapy, nutritional factors and pharmacological treatments in pediatric osteoporosis prevention and treatment. "Non accidental injuries" in children.
Knowledge of the importance of vitamin D as hormone for skeletal and extra-skeletal actions, for prevention and treatment of rickets.
Knowledge of the most frequent forms of musculoskeletal recurrent pain in children
Knowledge of osteogenesis imperfecta, some aspects of collagen physiopathology, surgical, rehabilitative and pharmacological treatments.

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MM: Rehabilitation Methodology in evolutive age
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Being able to: -recognize the differences between the main rehabilitation methods; -observe the disabled child and to assess his/her adaptive functions -identify treatment goals by building an individualized project -identify the appropriate tools and materials to achieve the setting -recognize the different types of infant cerebral palsy and its treatment -understand the concept of care in the preterm infant and its approach - use the main aids and orthotic devices.
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MM: Principi e tecniche abilitative-riabilitative e psicomotorie dello sviluppo 0-6 anni
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The course aims to provide the conceptual, methodological and cultural bases of rehabilitation in infants and adolescents. The aim of the course is to make the student understand the meaning of terms by enabling and rehabilitating them specifically in the context of the treatment of the child and adolescent. Teaching leads the student to know the phases of child development from 0 to 6 years in his psychological, psychomotor and relational components, studying them and evaluating them from a theoretical point of view to reach clinical practice. At the end of the course the student will acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to identify and recognize the constructs of development analysing the child’s behavior .

Program

Principles of growth and auxology; measures of growth, of bone and pubertal age.
Knowledge of most frequent growth pathologies, harmonic and disarmonic; overweight and obesity, epidemiology; general concepts of genetics and epigenetics.
Skeletal functions and hormonal control of skeletal longitudinal growth, bone mass growth and peak bone mass. Importance of physical exercise on growth.
Pediatric fractures, epidemiology, causes and physiopathology. Definition and knowledge of primary and secondary pediatric osteoporosis: methods for prevention and therapy.
Importance of physical exercise, rehabilitative therapy, nutritional factors and pharmacological treatments in pediatric osteoporosis prevention and treatment. "Non accidental injuries" in children.
Importance of vitamin D as hormone for skeletal and extra-skeletal actions, for prevention and treatment of rickets.
Frequent forms of musculoskeletal recurrent pain in children.
Osteogenesis imperfecta, some aspects of collagen physiopathology, surgical, rehabilitative and pharmacological treatments.


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MM: Metodologia della riabilitazione in età evolutiva
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Introduction: children affected by neurological pathology. General overview of the infant rehabilitation history in Italy, its complexity and new boundaries according to the most recent neuroscience acquisitions. Main methods: principles (Bobath, Voyta). From method to methodology: guidelines for infant rehabilitation performed on cerebral palsy (mainly, “Manifesto della Riabilitazione infantile” and “Linee guida per la riabilitazione dei bambini affetti da PCI”). The rehabilitation programme: the setting, the child-therapist interaction, the parents-therapist interaction, equipment and tools. Understanding emotional relationships of the child and his/her family. Latest definition of the infant cerebral palsy and presentation of the classification by Prof. Adriano Ferrari . Main clinical forms of tetraplegia, physiotherapy project. Video observation and teamwork. Diplegia and walking function in children with cerebral palsy. Assessment scale. Video observation and teamwork. Hemiplegia and classification of manipulation patterns. Manipulation function, assessment scale, intervention strategies. Video observation, teamwork. Combined rehabilitation treatment: orthosis and devices, pharmacology and functional surgery. Posture: observation, therapeutic proposals and use of the main assessment scales. Post surgery treatment and post toxin botulin treatment: therapeutic intervention protocols. Assistive devices and aids: ICF Children presentation. Brief reference to muscular pathologies and myelomeningocele. Hint at orthopedic pediatric pathologies. The preterm newborn and the severe prematurity. Definition, care and therapeutic treatment. Discharge of the infant from intensive care unit, first approach of the therapist both at home as well as within the rehabilitation centre. Main breathing, feeding and visual problems. Augmentative alternative communication: definition, intervention. *Bibliography: • Le forme spastiche della paralisi cerebrale infantile. A Ferrari, G. Cioni. edizione Springer 2005 • L’Architettura delle funzioni. Lo sviluppo neuromotorio del bambino fra normalità e patologia. Bertozzi L., Mora I., Montanari, Springer-Verlag, Milano 2002. • La fisioterapia nella paralisi cerebrale infantile Principi ed esperienze - Postura seduta Ed. Springer Autori: Borelli G., Neviani R., Sghedoni A., Conti M.R., Montanari L., Ovi A.,Ferrari A.
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MM: Principi e tecniche abilitative-riabilitative e psicomotorie dello sviluppo 0-6 anni
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• The child rehabilitation: care, taking care, rehabilitation, habilitation, psychomotricity. • The development 0-6 years - basic principles: neoteny, evolutionary concepts, the psychological birth. • Psychomotor development: motricity, body schema, tone, motor project, space-time organization, laterality, graphism, language. • The rehabilitation setting: physical dimension, mental dimension, regulatory dimension, time dimension. • The psychomotor observation of the child. • The psychomotor disorders: background. The chosen teaching mode is the frontal lesson. For exposure the teacher will use slides, video content, and paper cards. The reference bibliography for the student is represented by the following texts: − Pisaturo C., Appunti di psicomotricità. La pratica psicomotoria nella clinica neuropsichiatrica dell'età evolutiva, Piccin, 1996 – capitoli 5 e 6 − Valente D., Fondamenti di riabilitazione in età evolutiva, Carocci Faber, 2009 – capitoli 1 (paragrafo 1.1) e 2. The student also provides a script prepared by the teacher.

Bibliography

Examination Methods

Pediatria
Written exam with multiple choice tests.

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MM: Metodologia della riabilitazione in età evolutiva
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Oral examination
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MM: Principi e tecniche abilitative-riabilitative e psicomotorie dello sviluppo 0-6 anni
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The student's knowledge and skills assessment method consists of a written test with multiple answer questions (0.5 points), short open questions (3 lines, 1.5 points) and long open questions (10 lines, 3 points). The written test is intended to ensure knowledge of all the detailed topics in the program delivered at the opening of the course to the students. The final evaluation is expressed in thirty points.