The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning objectives

Module: BLSD - BASIC LIFE SUPPORT DEFIBRILLATION
-------
The general aim of the module is to teach the students the techniques of ventilation, external heart massage, defibrillation, and other procedures in patients in cardiac arrest


Module: CHIRURGIA D'URGENZA
Learning outcomes
The aim of this course is to provide the students with the knowledge concerning the treatment of both medical and surgical emergencies. Particular relevance is given to the clinical-diagnostic framework of the different pathologies, in order to recognize them and to implement a proper and quick diagnosis and treatment.



Module: MEDICINA D'URGENZA
-------
To give to the students a basic knowledge on the main medical urgencies and emergencies, including early recognition of life-threatening conditions, and flow-charts regarding the main acute syndromes.


Module: TERAPIA DEL DOLORE, INTENSIVA, ANESTESIOLOGIA
-------
The course aims to the treatment of the main issues of anesthesiology in the setting of the preoperative medicine. The fundamental anesthetic techniques are discussed in details and so the main principles of pharmacology of drugs used in anesthesia.
As regards critical care during the course the general approach to the trauma patients, the traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are discussed.
Furthermore, hemodynamic stabilization and optimization from the basic issues to advanced mechanical support (ECMO) are treated.
The purpose is to provide to the student the basic knowledge of anesthetic management of the surgical patient from the preoperative to the postoperative period. Furthermore, the student should acquire the informations needed for the evaluation and the management of a trauma patient, in particular with brain and spinal cord injury. Finally, the student should have the basic concepts of hemodynamic stabilization e the indication to advanced techniques for circulatory support.

Program

Module: BLSD - BASIC LIFE SUPPORT DEFIBRILLATION
-------
theoretical lesson on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and basic life support including defibrillation in the patient in cardiac arrest
practical exercises in small groups on basic life support including defibrillation in the patient in cardiac arrest


Module: CHIRURGIA D'URGENZA
-------

Program
- Recognize how approach emergency situation in Trauma and in emergency surgery according to established guidelines
- To know how to diagnose and treat the main surgical emergency
- To know how approach patients with major abdominal and Thoracic Trauma

Module: MEDICINA D'URGENZA
-------
APPROACH TO ACUTE CHEST PAIN IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM.
Rapid recognition of life-threatening conditions (Acute Coronary Syndromes, Pulmonary Embolism, Hypertensive Pneumothorax, Mediastinitis, Aortic Dissection, Pericardial Tamponade). Differential diagnosis (principles).
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (ACS)
ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), Unstable Angina (UA).
Definitions, pathophysiology, symptoms. Role of the nurse in the management of patients with ACS. Principles of treatment of ACS. Recognition and management of the main complications, like cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias (particularly Ventricular Fibrillation and III-degree Atrioventricular Block. The main drugs used for cardiovascular urgencies and emergencies (mechanism of action, indications/contraindications, adverse reactions).
AORTIC DISSECTION
Definition, pathophysiology, symptoms. Principles of diagnosis and treatment.
CARDIOGENIC ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
Definitions, pathophysiology, symptoms. Principles of diagnosis and treatment. Role of the nurse in the management of patients with cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema.
NON-CARDIOGENIC ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS)
Definition, pathophysiology, symptoms. Principles of diagnosis and treatment. Role of the nurse in the management of patients with non-cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema. VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM (VTE)
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism. Definition, pathophysiology, symptoms. Risk factors. Strategies for VTE prevention. Diagnostic algorithms. Role of the Well’s score (or other similar scores) and of D-dimer. Principles of VTE treatment.
MAIN ACUTE ORGAN FAILURES. ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
Definition, pathophysiology, symptoms. Porto-Systemic Encephalopathy.
Main acute complications in the cirrhotic patient. Principles of diagnosis and treatment. MAIN METABOLIC URGENCIES. MAIN ACUTE COMPLICATIONS IN THE PATIENT WITH DIABETES MELLITUS. DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIABETIC COMA.
Classification. Definition, pathophysiology, symptoms. Principles of diagnosis and treatment. Role of the nurse in the management of patients with diabetic coma.
MAIN INTOXICATIONS/POISONING
Approach in the emergency room. Clinical recognition based on physical examination (vital signs, ocular signs, body temperature, halitosis, cutaneous discoloration). Acetaminophen intoxication and other intoxications by commonly used drugs. Acute alcoholic intoxication. Opioid intoxication. Cocaine intoxication. CO intoxication.


Module: TERAPIA DEL DOLORE, INTENSIVA, ANESTESIOLOGIA
-------
* anesthesiology and preoperative medicine
* drugs for general anesthesia
* basic concepts of general anesthesia
* local anesthetic drugs
* basic concepts of regional anesthesia
* the evaluation of the trauma patient
* head trauma
* spinal cord injury
* basic concepts of hemodynamic stabilization in the critically ill patient

Learning assessment procedures

The evaluation consists of an interview in the setting of the exam of Medical-Surgical Emergencies .
Any COVID-19 realted change will be quickly communicated to the students