Teaching code

4S02750

Credits

12

Coordinator

Nicola Daldosso

Language

Italian

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

FIS/01 - EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS

Courses Single

Authorized

Moodle Seminars 0

The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning objectives

The teaching course of Physics I with Laboratory contributes to the achievement of the training objectives of the three years degree in Applied Mathematics by providing: - the basic elements of the scientific method, even with the help of laboratory experiments, in order to show that physics is a quantitative science based on the measurement of physical quantities; - the basic knowledge of classical mechanics (cinematics and dynamics) of the particle, of the particle systems and, partially, of the rigid body; - the guidelines useful for the resolution of exercises and problems of classical mechanics; achievement of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, calorimetry and thermal conductivity. At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate : - to have adequate abilities to analyse and to abstract typical physical situations of the particle mechanics, of the particle systems, of the rigid body and of thermodynamics; - to be able to produce rigorous proofs, and mathematically formalize problems of the particle mechanics, of the particle systems, ; - to have the ability to build and develop mathematical models for physics and to analyse their application limits. - to be able to set up and perform some simple experiments for the measurement of various physical quantities and the subsequent representation (histograms and graphs) as well as the analysis of the collected data.

Prerequisites and basic notions

The knowledge and mathematical skills typical of the training provided by the upper secondary school are required.
In particular:
- knowing how to classify a quantity as a scalar or vector quantity
- vector calculus: operations between vectors (sum, vector and scalar product), Cartesian representation and decomposition of vectors
- basic notions of trigonometry
- algebraic calculus (operations between monomials and polynomials, powers of polynomials, etc.) - methods of solving equations (and systems of equations) of first and second degree
- elements of differential calculus (derivative and integral operator)
- ability to represent data, relations and functions with formulas, tables, histograms, and / or graphs.
There are NO lessons dedicated to the mathematics topics listed above. Each student must, in case, provide through personal study. Some topics (in particular, vector calculus) will be recalled by the tutor.

NOTE: trigonometry and vector calculation reminder handouts will in any case be made available.

Program

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UL: Teoria
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The course of PHYSICS I with Laboratory consists of two distinct modules:
- Theory module (including exercises) (9 CFU)
- Laboratory module (3 CFU)
THEORY MODULE
The THEORY module provides basic knowledge of classical mechanics and thermodynamics, through the derivation of the laws and principles that govern the motion of bodies, as well as the elements useful for solving exercises and problems of kinematics and dynamics of the material point, of systems of material points, as well as the laws and principles of Thermodynamics and calorimetry. The basic principles of Fluid Mechanics will be covered.
The main topics covered in this module are:
KINEMATICS
Kinematics of the material point. Displacement, velocity and acceleration. One-dimensional motions. Reference systems. Motions in two and three dimensions (intrinsic and polar coordinate reference system). Galilean transformations and relative motions. Principle of classical relativity. Motion of projectiles. Circular motion.
DYNAMICS
Dynamics of the material point. Newton's laws and applications. Forces existing in nature. Periodic motions and oscillations: simple, forced and damped oscillator. Friction and resisting forces. Inertial and non-inertial systems. Apparent forces. Momentum and impulse. Momentum of a force. The momentum-impulse theorem. Central forces. Conservative force fields and potential energy. Work and Energy. Principle of conservation of mechanical energy. PARTICLE SYSTEMS
Dynamics of particle systems: cardinal equations of system dynamics. Reference system of the center of mass. Koenig's theorems for kinetic energy and angular momentum. Newton's law of universal gravitation; the motion of satellites, Kepler's laws. The two-body problem. Moment of inertia. Elastic and inelastic collisions. Conservation of momentum. Dynamics of collisions. Notes on rigid body dynamics.
FLUID MECHANICS General information on fluids. Pressure. Pressure work in fluids. Stevin's law. Pascal's principle. Applications and examples. Archimedes' principle. Steady state fluid motion: flow rate and Bernoulli's theorem. Applications and examples.
THERMODYNAMICS
Temperature and heat. Calorimetry: thermal equilibrium, heat capacity and specific heats. Mechanical equivalent of a calorie. Ideal gas laws and kinetic theory. The principles of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic transformations. Thermal and refrigeration machines.
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LABORATORY MODULE The Laboratory module aims to provide the essential elements of the experimental method, demonstrating that physics is a quantitative science based on the measurement of physical quantities and on the evaluation of measurement uncertainties due to the resolution of the instrument and the presence of random errors.
The main topics covered in this module are:
- the foundations of the experimental method
- the theory of measurement errors
- the analysis of experimental data relating to some simple experiments (such as the measurement with different instruments of lengths, of the oscillation period of a simple pendulum, the verification of the law of elastic elongation).
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UL: Teoria di laboratorio
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Bibliography

Didactic methods

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UL: Teoria
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The teaching methods of the teaching of Physics I with Laboratory are differentiated for the two modules.
THEORY MODULE
The Theory module is organized in theory lessons and exercises.
To facilitate the student in understanding and learning the laws and principles dealt with, phenomenology will be systematically used during the lectures, also through the use of video-tutorials. The exercises are fundamental for the understanding and application of the laws and notions dealt with in the theory lessons. During the hours of practice, exercises and mechanical problems (kinematics and dynamics) will be solved in order to allow the student to face and pass the written test of the final exam. The hours of exercises will always follow the hours of theory trying to give a continuity of deepening and understanding of the various parts of the program.
Normally the lessons are held in the classroom using both the traditional blackboard and slides and / or texts. Short films, graphics, drawings and other useful material to facilitate the understanding of the topics covered will be used by the teacher. Students are expected to actively participate in the lessons through questions, discussion stimuli, requests for clarifications, as well as suggestions for solving the exercises.
In addition to this, there is a tutoring activity (extra hours) delivered frontally in the classroom and / or through video lessons, dedicated to reminders and complements as well as to the resolution of exercises and physics problems, in addition to the hours of practice by the professor.
LABORATORY MODULE
The Laboratory module is divided into a part of classroom lectures on the experimental method and on the theory of measurement errors (UL Theory of Laboratory) and a second part (UL Laboratory) of experiences carried out by students in the Cyber Physics Laboratory divided in two shifts for logistical reasons. Attendance is required for the latter. The laboratory sessions consist in the execution of simple experiments that involve the measurement of physical quantities, the representation and analysis of the collected data and the treatment of errors, as well as the elaboration of a report with the discussion of the results of the experiment carried out.
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UL: Teoria di laboratorio
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Learning assessment procedures

------------------------ UL: Theory ------------------------ The exam for the Physics I with Laboratory course consists of verifying the knowledge of the two modules of Theory and Laboratory, for each of which an independent evaluation is expressed in thirtieths, which will contribute to determining the overall grade according to the criterion of weight proportional to the number of CFU of the relative module. THEORY MODULE The exam consists of passing a written test and an oral test, which can only be accessed after passing the written test. The written test is considered passed only if the grade obtained is not less than 18/30. The exam methods for the theory module are the same for attending and non-attending students. The written test is considered valid for two subsequent exam sessions, to allow the student to prepare and organize the oral test according to his/her study program. The oral exam can however be taken only after having also passed the Laboratory module. ------------------------ UL: Laboratory ------------------------ LABORATORY MODULE For the laboratory module, an ongoing group report and a final group report on the simple pendulum experiment will be evaluated. In addition, an individual multiple-choice test will be carried out at the end of the course to evaluate the learning status of what was covered in the laboratory theory.

Evaluation criteria

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UL: Teoria
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The two exams, written and oral, are intended to ascertain the level of knowledge acquired by the student in relation to the Theory module of the teaching of Physics I with Laboratory. Written exam consists in solving some typical problems of mechanics (of the material point, of the systems of material points), which involve the application of laws and derived principles (stated and demonstrated) during the lectures and systematically recalled during the exercises in classroom. The oral exam consists of an interview with questions on the program carried out in the classroom relating to the derivation of physical laws and the demonstration of the theorems and conservation principles of the dynamics of the material point, systems of material points, and the laws and principles of thermodynamics. and calorimetry. For the laboratory part, the group report on the pendulum experience will be evaluated considering the skills acquired in terms of presentation of the experiment, representation and analysis of experimental data (through histograms, graphs, statistical functions, interpolations ...), discussion of the results with particular attention to random and systematic errors, as well as the critical comparison between different experimental procedures and measuring instruments. The individual test will verify the student's learning on the laboratory theory module (instruments and units of measurement, error theory, statistical data analysis).
For the theory module there is a cumulative evaluation obtained by calculating the arithmetic average of the evaluations reported in the two exams, written and oral, passed. For the laboratory module there is a cumulative evaluation obtained by making the weighted average of the mark of the group report (2/3) and of the final individual test (1/3).
The overall evaluation of the exam of the course of Physics I with laboratory will result from the weighted average, on the number of CFU of the module, of the marks obtained in the evaluation tests provided for each of the two modules: Theory (9/12) and Laboratory (3 / 12).

Criteria for the composition of the final grade

For the theory module there is a cumulative evaluation obtained by calculating the arithmetic average of the evaluations reported in the two exams, written and oral, passed. For the laboratory module there is a cumulative evaluation obtained by making the weighted average of the mark of the group report (2/3) and of the final individual test (1/3).
The overall evaluation of the exam of the course of Physics I with laboratory will result from the weighted average, on the number of CFU of the module, of the marks obtained in the evaluation tests provided for each of the two modules: Theory (9/12) and Laboratory (3 / 12).

Exam language

italiano