Teaching code

4S02740

Credits

9

Coordinator

Not yet assigned

Language

Italian

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

AGR/12 - PLANT PATHOLOGY

Moodle Seminars 0

To show the organization of the course that includes this module, follow this link:  Course organization

The teaching is organized as follows:

Program

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UL: Teoria di patologia
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Introduction to plant pathology
History of Plant Pathology, scientific and economic relevance of plant pathology.
Terminology: Parasitism and Pathogenicity, Host Range of Pathogens, Stages in the Development of Disease, The Disease Cycle
Classification of the main classes of phytopathogens (taxonomy)
Diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi and fungal-like organisms
General features of phytopathogenic fungi
Taxonomy and classification
The infection process
Pathogenicity factors: lytic enzymes, phytotoxins, hormones, research for fungal pathogenicity factors.
Diseases caused by phytopathogenic procariotes
General features of phytopathogenic procariotes (bacteria and phytoplasmas)
Taxonomy and classification
The infection process
Pathogenicity factors: lytic enzymes, phytotoxins, hormones, LPSs, research for bacterial pathogenicity factors.
Diseases caused by phytopathogenic viruses and viroids
General features of phytopathogenic viruses
Taxonomy and classification
The infection process: transmission, replication, movement.
Viroids: transmission, replication.
Diagnostic tools in phytopathology:
Isolation of pathogens in pure culture: Kock’s postulates
Biochemical, serological and molecular methods in plant disease diagnosis
Use of indicator plants
Basic concepts in Plant Protection
Control Methods that Exclude the Pathogen from the Host: Quarantines and Inspections,
Crop Certification
Agronomical and physical measures for disease control and prevention
Direct Protection of Plants from Pathogens: Chemical and Biological Control measures
Breeding for Resistance and Genetic Engineering Techniques: Genetics of Virulence in Pathogens and of Resistance in Host.
Integrated approaches to plant disease control
Basic concepts of epidemiology; examples of forecasting models for prevention and therapy of plant diseases.
Specific pathogens and diseases presented:
Fungi and fungal-like pathogens
Downy mildew
Powdery mildew
Gray mold
Root rot (Armillaria , Rosellinia)
Trunk diseases : esca, Eutypa, Phomopsis
Tracheomycoses (Verticillium sp)
Berry rottings
Bacteria and phytopalsmas
A. tumefaciens, A. vitis e Xylophilus ampelinus,Xylella fastidiosa
Candidatus fitoplasma spp.:
Flavescence dorée; Bois Noir
Viruses and viroids
Grapevine fanleaf
Grapevine leafroll
Corky bark; stem pitting; stem grooving.
Fleck disease of grapevine
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UL: Teoria di entomologia
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Pest management: Damage threshold. Chemical control and insects management. Insecticides: general information, mode of action, selectivity and phytotoxicity. Pest resistance management and man-made pests. Biological and integrated pest control. Cultural and mechanical control.
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UL: Laboratorio
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Lab. 1 - Observation of disease symptoms in planta and isolation of fungal and bacterial pathogens in pure culture
Lab. 2- Observation and identification of fungal pathogens under the microscope
Lab. 3- Handling and inoculation of fungal and bacterial pathogens in plants
Lab. 4- Handling and inoculation of plant viruses in indicator hosts
Lab. 5- ELISA test
Lab. 6- Molecular diagnosis of phytoplasmas and Identification of fungicide resistant fungal strains
Lab. 7- Field trip
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UL: Laboratorio
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see program Laboratory 1° group
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UL: Esercitazioni di entomologia
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Insects
ORTHOPTERA:
Ensifera: Tettigoniidae: Barbitistes vicetinus
Caelifera: Acrididae: Calliptamus italicus
THYSANOPTERA:
Terebrantia:
Tubulifera: Thripidae: Drepanotrips reuteri, Frankliniella occidentalis
HEMIPTERA:
Archeorrhyncha:
Flatidae: Metcalfa pruinosa
Ciixidae: Hyalesthes obsoletus
Clypeorrhyncha:
Aphophoridae:Philaenus spumarius
Cicadellidae: Empoasca vitis, Zygina rhamni, Scaphoideus titanus,
Erythroneura vulnerata
Sternorrhyncha:
Phylloxeridae: Viteus vitifoliae
Pseudococidae:Planococcus ficus, P. comstocki Heliococcus bohemicus
Coccidae: Neopulvinaria innumerabilis, Partenolecarnium corni, Pulvinaria vitis
Diaspididae: Targionia vitis
Heteroptera:
Pentatomidae: Halyomorpha halys
COLEOPTERA:
Attelabidae: Bycthiscus betulae
Bostrichidae: Sinoxylon perforans
Cerambycidae:Vesperus luridus
Chrysomelidae: Altica ampelophaga
Curculionidae: Otiorhynchus sulcatus
Reduvidae: Popillia Japonica
Scarabeidae: Anomala vitis, Melolontha melolontha
DIPTERA:
Nematocera
Cecidomyiidae: Janeitiella oenophila
Brachycera
Drosophilidae: Drosophila melanogaster, D. suzukii
LEPIDOPTERA:
Tortricidae: Argyrotaenia pulchellana, Eupoecilia ambiguella Lobesia botrana,Sparganothis pilleriana
Pyralidae: Cryptoblabes gnidiella, Ephestia unicolorella woodiella
Zygaenidae: Theresemima ampelophaga
Heliozelidae: Holocacista rivillei, Antispila oinophyilla.
Phyllocnistidae: Phyllocnistis vitegenella
Erebidae: Hyphantria cunea
Noctuidae: Agrotis ipsilon, A. segetum
HYMENOPTERA
Symphyta
Apocrita: Vespidae: Vespula germanica
MITE
Morphology, anatomy,
Development and behavior
Mite-plant relationship
Grapevine mites (cycle, damage and control):
Eriophyidae: Calepitrimerus vitis, Colomerus vitis
Tetranychidae: Eotetranychus carpini, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae
Phytoseiidae: Amblyseius andersoni, Kampimodromus aberrans, Typhlodromus pyri
NEMATODS:
Grapevine nematods (cycle, damage and control):
Longidoridae: Xiphimena index

Didactic methods

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UL: Teoria di patologia
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UL: Teoria di entomologia
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The knowledge will be developed with lectures and personal study on the texts and on the material presented in class that will be available in the Library and/or uploaded to e-learning platform. Moreover, throughout the academic year, the individual reception service will be available (by specific appointment). Attending students will receive in the first lesson the complete timetables of teaching activities with the dates and topics discussed in the lessons
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UL: Laboratorio
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UL: Laboratorio
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UL: Esercitazioni di entomologia
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During each lab. exercise, videos and tutorials will initially be used to introduce the morphology, the biology and the harmfulness of the investigated insects / mites; after that, using live or preserved biological material, morfological practical exercitation will be carried with the the stereoscope

Learning assessment procedures

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MM: Teoria di patologia
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The exam consists in a colloquium, to evaluate students' achievements, in relation to the above indicated objectives.
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MM: Teoria di entomologia
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The exam will be made in oral form for both attending students and non-attending students. Under health emergency, this oral mode can be changed in remote telematics one. The attendance at the practice exercises is mandatory in order to be eligible to do the exam. The exam will assess the degree of knowledge on the topics presented during the lectures. The knowledge and the ability to connect knowledge in a systemic and critical way will also be evaluated. The final evaluation is expressed in thirtieths. To determine the overall grade of the exam, the weighted average of the votes obtained in the two modules will be calculated
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MM: Laboratorio
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The verification of the skills acquired during the laboratory activities will take place during the oral exam relating to the theoretical part. The student will have to demonstrate, starting from photographic material, to be able to formulate a diagnostic hypothesis and to correctly approach the diagnostic methods suitable for the example provided.
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MM: Laboratorio
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see Exam description Laboratory 1° group
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MM: Esercitazioni di entomologia
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The exam will be made in oral form for both attending students and non-attending students. Under health emergency, this oral mode can be changed in remote telematics one. The attendance at the practice exercises is mandatory in order to be eligible to do the exam. The exam will assess the degree of knowledge on the topics presented during the lectures. The knowledge and the ability to connect knowledge in a systemic and critical way will also be evaluated. The final evaluation is expressed in thirtieths. To determine the overall grade of the exam, the weighted average of the votes obtained in the two modules will be calculated.

Evaluation criteria

The exam will assess the degree of knowledge on the topics presented during the lectures. The knowledge and the ability to connect knowledge in a systemic and critical way will also be evaluated. The final evaluation is expressed in thirtieths. To determine the overall grade of the exam, the weighted average of the votes obtained in the two modules will be calculated

Exam language

Italiano