Teaching code

4S00004

Teacher

Federico Boschi

Coordinator

Federico Boschi

Credits

6

Language

Italian

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

FIS/07 - APPLIED PHYSICS

Period

2°-3°-4°-5°-6° ANNO - 1° SEMESTRE dal Oct 2, 2023 al Dec 23, 2023.

Location

VERONA

Courses Single

Not Authorized

Lessons timetable Moodle Seminars 0

Learning objectives

The course aims to give students basic concepts regarding the main physical quantities of Kinematics, Dynamics, static, fluid dynamics, optics, thermodynamics and electrology in order to cope with simple physics problems of biomedical interest. The student awareness of the benefits and risks associated with the use of x-ray machines and the obligations under the Employer and the Medical Practitioner required by current law on radiation protection.

Prerequisites and basic notions

Knowledge of mathematics and physics at high school level

Program

Program
Physical quantities, vectors, exercises. Derivative of a function, calculation, examples and exercises. Fermat's theorem and Rolle’s theorem.
MECHANICS:
Position, displacement, various dimensional motion, rectilinear motion. Average speed and instantaneous speed. Exercises.
Acceleration, rectilinear motion uniformly accelerated. Exercises. Moto two-dimensional radial acceleration, tangential acceleration. Uniform circular motion. Exercises.
Motion of bodies. Projectile motion. Exercises. Laws of Motion (I, II, III). Momentum. Inertial mass. Weight. Exercises.
Inclined smooth. Pulley. Friction forces. Harmonic motion. Elastic force. Exercises. Work of a force. Kinetic energy. Kinetic energy theorem. Conservative forces. Potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy. Theorem of mechanical energy. Exercises
Conservation of momentum. Elastic collisions, inelastic, perfectly inelastic. Exercises. Law of universal gravitation. Power. Exercises.
Rotating motion of rigid bodies (overview) and moment of a force.
Levers of first, second and third types, levers of the human body. The jaw.
FLUID DYNAMICS:
Pressure, density, specific gravity, the law of Stevin, hydraulic press, barometer Torricelli tube manometer open, Archimedes' principle. Exercises.
Ideal fluid, stationary bike, motorcycle not turbulent flow. Continuity equation. Venturi. Exercises. Theorem of Torricelli (tank). Applications. Exercises.
Stokes force. Friction in fluids.
Viscous fluids. Viscosity, resistance of a conduit. Poiseuille formula.
THERMODYNAMICS:
Thermal expansion of solids and liquids (linear, surface, volume). Exercises. Contact thermal, thermal equilibrium, zero law of thermodynamics, gas thermometers, absolute temperature. Perfect gas. Ideal gas law. Exercises. Heat, internal energy, mechanical equivalent of heat, heat capacity, specific heat, latent heat. Exercises.
Convection, conduction, radiation.
The law of thermodynamics. Work and heat in thermodynamic processes. The application of the principle. Cyclic transformations, free expansion, adiabatic transformations, isobaric, isochoric, isothermal.
The principle of thermodynamics (of Kelvin-Planck, Clausius, Kelvin). Heat engine, thermal efficiency. Exercises
Refrigerator, coefficient of performance. Exercises.
ELECTROLOGY – ELECTROMAGNETISM:
Electric charges. Law of conservation of charge. Insulators, conductors, electroscope. Coulomb force, electric field. Exercises. Potential energy, the electrostatic potential.
Lines and equipotential surfaces. Electrical capacity. Electricity generator. Electricity. Ohm's law, resistance and resistivity. Exercises. Electrical power, Joule effect. AC. DC circuits. Resistors in series and parallel. Exercises.
Magnetic poles, magnetic field strength. Force of electrical wire. Charge in a magnetic field, Lorentz force, Larmor radius. Magnetic field generated by an electrical wire. Field in a solenoid.
Forces acting between wires carrying current. Exercises. Electromagnetic waves (generation, spectrum, wavelengths).
OPTICS:
Principles of geometrical optics.
Reflection, laws of reflection, flat mirror. Concave spherical mirror, the law of conjugate points, fire objects, fire images, construction of images. Real images, virtual images. Linear magnification. Concave spherical mirrors. Exercises. Refraction, laws of refraction, refractive index absolute and relative. Diopter spherical diopter plan, examples.
Thin converging lenses, thin lenses divergent. Law of manufacturers of lenses. Construction of the images. Human eye: myopia and hyperopia.
X-RAY
X-ray production processes, X-ray tube. Absorption of X-rays, photoelectric effect, Compton and production of pairs. Formation of analog and digital radiographic image. Overview of dosimetry: absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, emission from source.

Bibliography

Didactic methods

Lessons take place face to face. During the lessons the theoretical topics are dealt with and immediately afterwards many exercises are carried out for the application of theoretical concepts and for preparation for the final exam. If it is not required by the health emergency or by the university, lessons are not carried out in streaming or recorded as these methods prevent free discussion between students and teachers.

Learning assessment procedures

Written exam with n = 8-15 open question exercises. Duration 2 hours maximum. No books or notes are allowed. Bring calculator (not programmable) and pen and ID. The sheets will be distributed by the teacher. Write your name, surname and serial number on all the sheets delivered. It is possible to make a draft. All the sheets (even the draft) must be returned at the end of the exam. The text written in pencil will not be considered in the evaluation. The exercises can be carried out in a different order from that indicated in the text but the number of the exercise to which it refers must be clearly indicated before the exercise. Two or more different stages of the same exercise are not allowed. In the event of a health emergency, the examination procedure can only be oral via the web.

Evaluation criteria

The correctness of the procedure adopted by the student to solve the exercises and the use of units of measurement will be taken into account. Alternative solutions are welcome, as long as they are correct. Calculation errors that lead to solutions that are incompatible with the problem are considered serious.

Criteria for the composition of the final grade

Indicatively, for n exercises, each correct exercise is worth 30 / n. It will then take into account the seriousness of the errors and gaps, any correct procedures even in the presence of calculation errors, clarity in the mathematical passages and the order of the paper.
It is necessary (but not sufficient) to achieve a passing grade in optics and x-ray exercises to pass the exam.

Exam language

italiano