The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

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MM: IMMUNOEMATOLOGIA ED EMOSTASI
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Provide theoretical knowledge and acquire skills and attitudes to meet the expectations of immunohematology laboratory diagnostic services within the Transfusion Medicine Operations Unit. To this end, the Immunohematology and Hemostasis Module is closely linked to that of Immunohematology Methods and Techniques, which, along with that of Clinical Pathology, is part of the overall teaching of Diagnostic Methodologies of Clinical Pathology.
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MM: METODI E TECNICHE DI IMMUNOEMATOLOGIA
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The student will acquire fundamental methods and techniques of Immunohaematology erythrocyte as well as procedures on collection, processing and storage of hemocomponentes
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MM: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
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1. Provide some evidence of the role of Laboratory Medicine in the recognition and treatment of human diseases, using "the Cardiovascular Disease" as a model example. 2. Providing tools for the assessment of diagnostic tests accuracy and the evaluation of test results related to the diagnostic questions.

Program

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MM: IMMUNOEMATOLOGIA ED EMOSTASI
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- Presentation of course contents: The Organization of a Blood Transfusion Service. Italian and european guidelines and regulations. Characteristics and requirements of the Blood Transfusion Services. - The immune system: immune response to transfusions, biological characteristics and functions of antibodies. Antigen-antibody reaction and agglutination: biological bases. - ABO Blood Group System: biochemistry, genetics and phenotype; ABO blood types and variants. Antibodies directed against ABO blood group antigens: methods to detect these antibodies and clinical significance. - Rh Blood Group System: history and clinical aspects of Rh Blood Group System; molecular bases of Rh antigens, biochemistry. D antigen and other Rh Blood Group System antigens; alloantibodies that recognize D antigen and other Rh antigens. - Erythrocyte Alloimmunization: the main mechanisms involved in the alloimmunization; mechanisms of recognition and presentation of antigen, the primary antibody reaction and the production of high affinity IgG antibodies when antigen rechallenges. Immunogenic properties of the main Blood Group System antigens. - The antiglobulin test (or Coombs’ test): mechanism, direct and indirect antiglobulin tests. The clinical use of these tests in immunohematology and laboratory methods. Antibodies defined as “cold” or “warm”. - Transfusion practice: pre-transfusion testing and selection of blood for transfusion. - Direct antiglobulin Test positive and autoantibodies: clinical significance and management of patients with autoantibodies. - Alloantibodies identification. - Hemolytic disease in the newborn.
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MM: METODI E TECNICHE DI IMMUNOEMATOLOGIA
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- Types of donations: aspirant donor and periodic donor, - sampling collection method: whole blood and in apheresis , - critical points in the collection phase, - mandatory exams, - processing and production of hemocomponentes of first and second level (filtered red blood cells, washed, irradiated, ABC plasma category ), production of platelet concentrates from buffy coat, - blood components storage conditions, characteristics of the blood bank refrigerators - freezers and incubators of platelets, - mode of transport of blood components, - quality control on blood components products, - Immunohaematology: the agglutination reaction, determining blood groups , research irregular antibodies, type and screen, indirect antiglobulin test, direct antiglobulin test, - hemolytic disease of the newborn, - autoimmune hemolytic disease, ham test, sugar test, -types of errors in the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical system, quality system, - verification of intern validity, verification of external validity
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MM: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE atherosclerosis pathogenesis physiopathology epidemiology Risk - Prevention Lipids and factors measurable in the laboratory Risk Guide lines ESC 2016 OBESITY AND DIABETES Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes Classification of diabetes Diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes Laboratory Evaluation of micro and macroangiopatica disease HYPERTENSION Definition Physiopathology Laboratoryrole role in: Risk assessment Secondary forms Diagnosis Evaluation of organ damage MARKER OF MYOCARDIAL INJURY Myocardial infarction Pre-troponins markers Troponins and diagnosis of AMI DIAGNOSTICS ACCURACY: Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, ROC curve Prevalence, pre-test probability and predictive value of a diagnostic test.

Examination Methods

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MM: IMMUNOEMATOLOGIA ED EMOSTASI
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Written test, multiple-choice, multiple oral exam. The IMMUNOEMATOLOGY AND EMOSTASI modules and IMMUNOEMATOLOGY METHODS AND TECHNIQUES determine 32 questions about the 40 overall written exams of the entire course of "Diagnostic Methodologies of Clinical Pathology". The evaluation of the examination is complete and integrates the three modules (IMMUNOEMATOLOGY AND EMOSTASES, METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF IMMUNOMATOLOGY, CLINICAL PATHOLOGY) as well as the result of oral examination. Written questions will be reviewed immediately, during the oral test, with at least 30/40 (75%) correct written answers.
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MM: METODI E TECNICHE DI IMMUNOEMATOLOGIA
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Written exam with multiple choice questions + interview
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MM: PATOLOGIA CLINICA
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Multiple choice test plus oral examination. The CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Module determines 8 about the 40 overall questions of the entire course of "Diagnostic Methodologies of Clinical Pathology". The evaluation of the examination consider all the 40 questions, regarding the three modules (IMMUNOEMATOLOGY AND EMOSTASES, METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF IMMUNOATHMOLOGY, CLINICAL PATHOLOGY). At least 30 out of 40 correct answers are necessary to be admitted to the oral exam. Written questions will be reviewed immediately together with the candidate during the oral test.