Studying at the University of Verona
Here you can find information on the organisational aspects of the Programme, lecture timetables, learning activities and useful contact details for your time at the University, from enrolment to graduation.
Study Plan
This information is intended exclusively for students already enrolled in this course.If you are a new student interested in enrolling, you can find information about the course of study on the course page:
Laurea magistrale in Molecular and Medical Biotechnology - Enrollment from 2025/2026The Study Plan includes all modules, teaching and learning activities that each student will need to undertake during their time at the University.
Please select your Study Plan based on your enrollment year.
1° Year
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2 courses among the following3 courses among the following1 course among the following1 course among the following2° Year activated in the A.Y. 2022/2023
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| Modules | Credits | TAF | SSD |
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2 courses among the following3 courses among the following1 course among the following1 course among the following| Modules | Credits | TAF | SSD |
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| Modules | Credits | TAF | SSD |
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2 courses among the following ("BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEUROSCIENCE" AND "CLINICAL PROTEOMICS" 1ST AND 2ND YEAR; THE OTHER COURSES 2ND YEAR ONLY)Legend | Type of training activity (TTA)
TAF (Type of Educational Activity) All courses and activities are classified into different types of educational activities, indicated by a letter.
Radioactivity and radiation protection (2022/2023)
Teaching code
4S003682
Credits
6
Language
English
Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)
FIS/01 - EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
The teaching is organized as follows:
Teoria
Esercitazioni
Learning objectives
The course aims at developing innovative educational and research activities based on the production of biomolecules labelled with radioisotopes for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic purposes. The educational and research activities take advantage of the presence of the Radiochemistry Laboratory of the “Sacro Cuore” Hospital in Negrar where a new PET center is presently equipped with the high performance cyclotron (A.C.S.I TR-19), which allows variable energy extraction of protons from 13 MeV to 19 MeV, and two experimental stations with liquid and solid targets for the production of 18F, 13N,11C,89Zr and 124I. The course introduces the basic knowledge related to the production and use of radioisotopes for imaging and radioisotope therapy, incorporating the Radiation Safety and Radiobiology aspects relating these. Fundamental aspects of Radiotherapy, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine will also been taught. The course will include a visit to the Cyclotron facility and Radiochemistry Laboratory of the Sacro Cuore Hospital as part of the practical experience for the students.
Prerequisites and basic notions
Basic physical concepts
Program
Lectures (48 hours) on following topics;
1. Introduction to Radiation
2. Radioactivity:
Introduction – Fundamental of Nuclear Science, isotopes, isotones and isobars
Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation
The Mechanism of radioactive decay
Natural and Induced Radioactivity
Unit of Radioactivity
Law of radioactive decay
3. Radiation Generators:
Principles of X-ray Production
Medical Linear Accelerator
Radio-isotope Production Units (Cyclotron, Generators and Reactor)
4. Interaction of Radiation with Matter and Penetrating Powers.
5. Biological Effects of Radiation:
Introduction
Interaction of Radiation with cells
Deterministic and Stochastic Effects
Cancer Induction and hereditary effects
Survival Fraction and Mutation Induction
6. Radiation Units:
Absorption of Energy
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Absorbed Dose
Equivalent Dose
Effective Dose
Dose and Dose Rate
Flux
Relationship of Units
7. Review, Tutorial and MCQ test (For topics 1 to 6)
8. Nuclear Imaging Techniques and Equipment
CT in Diagnostic Radiology
SPECT, PET and PET-CT in Nuclear Medicine
Computed Tomography (CT) and PET-CT
9. Radioisotope Therapy and Brachytherapy
Introduction
Radioisotopes in Therapeutic utilization
Radioisotopes and Brachytherapy – Permanent and Temporary Implants
Imaging aspects in development of Modern Brachytherapy
10. Production of Radioisotopes and Radio-pharmaceuticals. Practical lesson at the laboratory of Sacro Cuore Hospital in which dott. Giancarlo Gorgoni will show: in a first step a cyclotron production of F-18 tracer, its synthesis and relative quality control; in a second step a production from gallium-68 generator, its labelling with a peptide and relative quality control (always radiochemical purity).
11. Radiotherapy – Modern Development and Imaging
Fundamental of Radiotherapy
Techniques and Procedure
Modern developments
Developments in Imaging for Treatment Planning
Development in Imaging for Treatment Delivery – IGRT, ART
12. Fundamental of Radiation Protection
Introduction
Natural and Man Made Radiation
Systems of Radiological Protect
Optimization and ALARA Principle
External and Internal Radiation Hazards
13. Radiation Protection in Medicine
Application
Diagnostic Procedures
Nuclear Medicine
Radiotherapy
Control and Disposal of Radioactive Materials
14. Quality Control and Quality Assurance in radiotherapy
15. Final Review, Tutorial and Assssment of the whole course. Model Tests for Final Exam
Bibliography
Didactic methods
Frontal lectures with slides, periodic assignments and corrections, tutorials
Learning assessment procedures
The final examination will in the written form, and based in the complete course materials dealt with. The exam questions will consist of 10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and 4 of short answer type.
Evaluation criteria
The evaluation criteria for the short answer type questions are:
(a) Compliance with the questions to be answered.
(b) Concepts acquired on the topic of the question.
Criteria for the composition of the final grade
Ten marks for MCQ (one for each MCQ) and five marks each for the four short answer questions. Additional points will be given taking into account participation in the lab session and completion of a given home assignment.
Exam language
English
