Studying at the University of Verona
Here you can find information on the organisational aspects of the Programme, lecture timetables, learning activities and useful contact details for your time at the University, from enrolment to graduation.
Type D and Type F activities
This information is intended exclusively for students already enrolled in this course.If you are a new student interested in enrolling, you can find information about the course of study on the course page:
Laurea in Biotecnologie - Enrollment from 2025/2026The educational activities of type D are the student's choice, those of type F are additional knowledge useful for entering the world of work (internships, transversal skills, project works, etc.). According to the Didactic Regulations of the Course, some activities can be chosen and entered independently in the booklet, others must be approved by a special committee to verify their consistency with the study plan. Type D or F training activities can be covered by the following activities.
1. Teachings delivered at the University of Verona.
Include the teachings listed below and/or in the Catalog of Teachingshttps://www.univr.it/it/catalogo-insegnamenti - Opens in a new window (which can also be filtered by language of delivery via Advanced Search).
Booklet entry mode: if the teaching is included among those listed below, the student can enter it independently during the period- Opens in a new window in which the syllabus is open; otherwise, the student must make a request to the Secretariat, sending to carriere.scienze@ateneo.univr.i- Opens in a new windowt the form- Opens in a new window in the period indicated- Opens in a new window.
2. CLA language certificate or equivalency.
In addition to those required by the curriculum, the following are recognized for those matriculated from A.Y. 2021/2022:
- English language: 3 CFUs are recognized for each level of proficiency above that required by the course of study (if not already recognized in the previous course of study).
- Other languages and Italian for foreigners: 3 cfu are recognized for each proficiency level starting from A2 (if not already recognized in the previous study cycle).
These cfu will be recognized, up to a maximum of 6 cfu in total, of type F if the teaching plan allows it, or of type D. Additional elective credits for language knowledge may be recognized only if consistent with the student's educational project and if adequately motivated.
Those matriculated up to A.Y. 2020/2021 should consult the information found here- services - cla - language exercises - science and engineering https://www.scienzeingegneria.univr.it/?ent=iniziativa&id=4688 - Opens in a new window.
Booklet entry mode: apply for the certificate- Opens in a new window orequivalency- services - recognition of external language certifications - cla Opens in a new window to the CLA and send it to the Student Secretariat - Careers for the inclusion of the exam in the career, by email: carriere.scienze@ateneo.univr.it- Opens in a new window
3. Soft skills
Discover the training paths promoted by the University's TALC - Teaching and learning centerhttps://talc.univr.it/ - Opens in a new window, intended for students regularly enrolled in the academic year of course delivery https://talc.univr.it/it/competenze-trasversali- Opens in a new window
Booklet entry mode: The teaching is not intended to be included in the syllabus. Only upon obtaining theOpen Badgehttps://talc.univr.it/it/servizi/open-badge - Opens in a new window will the booklet CFUs be automatically validated. The registration of CFUs in career is not instantaneous, but there will be some technical time to wait.
4. Contamination lab
The Contamination Lab Verona (CLab Verona) is an experiential pathway with modules dedicated to innovation and business culture that offers the opportunity to work in teams with students from all courses of study to solve challenges launched by companies and institutions. The pathway allows students to receive 6 CFUs in the D or F area. Discover the challenges: https://www.univr.it/clabverona- Opens in a new window
PLEASE NOTE: To be eligible to take any teaching activity, including electives, you must be enrolled in the year of the course in which it is offered. Therefore, it is recommended that undergraduates of the December and April sessions DO NOT take extracurricular activities of the new academic year, in which they are not enrolled, since these degree sessions are valid with reference to the previous academic year. Therefore, for activities carried out in an academic year in which they are not enrolled, no recognition of CFUs can be given.
5. Internship/internship period
In addition to the CFUs stipulated in the curriculum (check carefully what is indicated on the Educational Regulations) here- services - internships and apprenticeships - science and engineering It opens in a new window you can find information on how to activate the internship.
Check in the regulations which activities can be Type D and which can be Type F.
Please also note that for internships activated from October 1, 2024, it will be possible to recognize excess hours in terms of Type D credits, limited only to internship experiences carried out at host institutions outside the University.
| years | Modules | TAF | Teacher |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3° | Python programming language [English edition] | D |
Carlo Combi
(Coordinator)
|
| years | Modules | TAF | Teacher |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3° | LaTeX Language | D |
Enrico Gregorio
(Coordinator)
|
| 3° | Python programming language [Edizione in italiano] | D |
Carlo Combi
(Coordinator)
|
| years | Modules | TAF | Teacher |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1° | Subject requirements: basic mathematics and physics | D |
Elisa Artegiani
(Coordinator)
|
Genetics (2021/2022)
Teaching code
4S00278
Teacher
Coordinator
Credits
6
Also offered in courses:
Language
Italian
Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)
BIO/18 - GENETICS
Period
Primo semestre dal Oct 4, 2021 al Jan 28, 2022.
Learning outcomes
The course provides knowledge on the organization of genetic material, transmission and recombination of hereditary characteristics, the aberrations of chromosomes and genes, the dynamics of genes in populations. It also introduces genetic evidence of carcinogenesis and a number of major diseases, and the differences between genetically modified organisms and "natural" ones Knowledge and understanding: Students will acquire the basic concepts related to how to access structured information of genomic and biological type, and methods for their processing and communication; the models and biomolecular technologies of fundamental use, and foundations of the genetics of animal and plant organisms Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: Students will be able to understand the genetic basis of life; to take ad-vanced biotechnological and bioinformatics courses, also of a master's degree.
Program
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE
What genetics studies
Genes and alleles
Chromosome classification based on the centromere
Mitosis and its meaning in genetic terms
Meiosis and its meaning in genetic terms
Mendel's laws
The testcross
The Punnett quarter
How to apply the Punnett square probability method or branch diagrams in dihybrid crossings
The chi-square test
Pedigree analysis
DETERMINATION OF SEX AND SEX-INFLUENCED CHARACTERS
Haplodiploidy as a sex determination system
The XX-X0 sex determination system
The determination of sex based on the environment
The system of gene balance for the determination of sex
The determination of sex in man
Effects of an alteration in the number of sex chromosomes in humans
Compensation of gene dosage
The difference between sex-linked and sex-influenced characters
EXTENSION AND VARIATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE
Penetrance and expressiveness of a gene
The norm of reaction
Differences between dominance, codominance and incomplete dominance
The lethal alleles
Multiple alleles and present an example
The epistasis
ASSOCIATION, RECOMBINATION AND MAPPING
Linked genes
Association of genes in CIS and TRANS
The frequency of recombination
The 2-point and 3-point mapping
Interference and coefficient of coincidence in the association and recombination of genes
Relationship between genetic maps and physical maps
CHROMOSOMIC VARIABILITY
The karyotype
Chromosomal rearrangements
Types of aneuploidy and related possible phenotypic consequences
Uniparental disomy
Mosaicism
Types of euploidy and related possible genetic and phenotypic consequences
BACTERIAL AND VIRAL GENETIC SYSTEMS
Bacterial conjugation
The bacterial transformation
Generalized transduction and specialized transduction
Retroviruses
DNA + TRANSCRIPTION + PROCESSING
The characteristics of bacterial chromosomes
The characteristics of eukaryotic chromosomes
The CoT curve and what are the factors that make it up
Types of repetitive sequences present in DNA
What is meant by transcription
The classes of ANN and their function
The transcription unit
Transcription in bacteria
Transcription in eukaryotes
Translation in bacteria
The processing of mRNA
Introns and RNA editing
Evolution of the concept of gene
The characteristics of the genetic code
THE DNA OF THE ORGANELS
What are the DNAs contained in the various cell organelles
Mitochondrial DNA
Chloroplastic DNA
Homoplasmy and Heteroplasmy
The maternal inheritance
Point mutations: types and phenotypic effects
Transition and transversion
The forward mutation and its effects
Reverse mutations, suppressive, nonsense, missense, silent. conditionals
Mutation rate and mutation frequency
The Ames test
QUANTITATIVE GENETICS
What are quantitative characters
Polygenic and multifactorial characters
The influence of the environment and genetic factors on the variability of quantitative characters
Assumptions for the Nilsson-Ehle multigenic hypothesis
Determination of the number of genes responsible for a polygenic character
The phenotypic variance and its components
The genetic variance and its components
Heritability in a broad and narrow sense
How heritability in a broad sense is calculated by eliminating variance components and its problems
The limitations of heritability
POPULATION GENETICS
Species, evolution and phylogeny
Natural and artificial selection
The response to selection, its limits and how it is calculated
Realized heritability
Mendelian populations and gene pool
Estimation of genotype frequencies in a population
Estimation of allele frequencies in a population
The Hardy-Weinberg law
Incrossing depression and heterosis
The factors that can disturb the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population and their consequences
The balanced polymorphism
The drift and genetics
EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS
Biological evolution
The forces of evolution
Types of evolution
Biological Species, Morphospecies and Phylogenetic Species
The mechanisms of prezygotic reproductive isolation
The mechanisms of postzygotic reproductive isolation
Speciation
Allopatric speciation and reinforcement
Sympatric speciation
Phylogeny
THE GENETICS OF CANCER
The cancer
Clonal evolution of tumors
The genetic evidence of carcinogenesis
Oncogenes and tumor suppressors
THE EPIGENETICS
What is epigenetics
GENETIC DISEASES
Genetic diseases
Recommended text books and slides of the course are available on Moodle
Examination Methods
written, quitz or open questions . Voting in thirthy
