Teaching code

4S02734

Credits

12

Coordinatore

Tiziana Pandolfini

Language

Italian

Moodle Seminars

The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

The course aims to provide an overview of the structure and organization of plant organisms at different levels, corresponding to the cellular, tissue and organ level and in the whole plant in its environment and to provide the basis for their functioning. At the end of the course the student will be able to associate the function to the structure of the different plant organs and will acquire the theoretical bases to be applied to the study of grape cultivation.

Program

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MM: BIOLOGIA VEGETALE
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1) The plant cell: -the membrane system; -the cytosol and the ribosomes; -the cell wall; -cytoskeleton; -endomembrane and secretory pathway; -the vacuole and the cell expansion process; -plastids and mitochondria; - the nucleus, mitosis and meiosis, the cytokinesis. 2) The plant tissues -primary and secondary meristems; -parenchymatic tissues; -integumental tissues; -conducting and supporting tissues; -secretory tissues. 3) The plant anatomy and overall organization -The shoot and its development; -the stem, primary and secondary organization; -the leaves and their adaptation to the environment; -the root and its development; -flowers, fruits and seeds; -reproductive botany.
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MM: FISIOLOGIA VEGETALE
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Water transport in plants: chemical properties of water, water and solute transport processes. Water balance of plants: movement of water in the soil, water absorption by roots, water transport through the xylem, transpiration and stomatal movements, control of stomatal opening. Water stress: physiological responses to drought. Photosynthesis: general concepts of light reactions and carbon reactions. Starch and sucrose synthesis. Translocation in the phloem: phloem loading and unloading, the sink-source concept, allocation and partitioning of phosynthates. General concepts of genetic information, gene expression and signal transduction pathways in eukaryotes. Photomorphogenesis: phytochrome, phytochrome responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms. Blu-light responses. Phytohormones: biosynthesis, physiological effects and molecular modes of action of auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid , brassinosteroids, polyamines, jasmonic acid. Laboratory To acquire knowledge about some experimental techniques used in plant physiology. Use of reporter genes for gene expression analysis with particular attention to the study of hormone distribution in response to different stimuli; Agrobacterium tumefaciens as natural genetic engineer: generation of transgenic plants by Agrobacterium and biolistic methods. Introduction to in vitro culture of plant tissues. Practical work 1) Measurement of water potential in plant tissues. 2)The effects of auxin on adventitious root formation. Attendance at practical exercises is compulsory in order to be admitted to the examination.

Bibliography

Examination Methods

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MM: BIOLOGIA VEGETALE
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The examination will be an oral test aimed to verify : -the overall degree of knowledge of the subject of this course; -the scientific language skills.
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MM: FISIOLOGIA VEGETALE
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The exam will ascertain: Students’ knowledge on the topics of the lectures; The language accuracy used to expose the arguments; The ability to link the knowledge acquired to what learned from the Plant Biology course. The exam will focus on the topics discussed in the lessons and covered in the text book. For attending students the exam can be held orally, or limited to the first exam session (June), also in writing. The written exam will consist of two tests of eight open questions, each question with a maximum score of 4. The final grade will be the arithmetic mean of the marks obtained in the individual tests. For non-attending students the exam will be exclusively oral. In case of health emergency, the written mode can be converted into oral mode for all students . Laboratory A written report describing the results of the laboratory experiences.