Learning outcomes

Module: FISIOLOGIA DELLO STRESS
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The subject will be treated as a point of integration between the contribution of the research in molecular biology, genetics, biophysics and biochemitry in the understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to abiotic stress, a key function in plant biology. A few major stress events experienced by plants will be discussed in detail such as drought stress, cold stress, heat stress , mineral deprivation and light excess. A general discussion will be developped on the oxydative stress, a major component of all stresses above listed. The molecular species involved, the ROS species produces and their effcts on biological structure and the signalling in response to this type of stress will be discussed. Each point of discussion will be integrated with possible strategies for biotechnological applications.


Module: FISIOLOGIA DELLA PRODUZIONE
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The general objective of the course is to provide a link between physiological and molecular processes responsible for plant growth and development and more applied aspects of yield production by crop plants.

Program

Module: FISIOLOGIA DELLO STRESS
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Introduction to abiotic stress: definitions and limits

methods pfor identification of genes and gene products involved in abiotic stress resistance.

drought and salt stress

freezing stress

submersion stress

thermal stress

oxydative stress

mechanisms of excess energy dissipation

nutrient deprivation (iron in particular)

synthesis of ATP in the absence of O2 and hydrogen proìduction


Module: FISIOLOGIA DELLA PRODUZIONE
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The program includes: Analysis of plant growth: basic concepts. Interception of solar radiation. Photosynthetic efficiency; photosynthesis, photorespiration, carbon accumulation mechanisms; effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase. The partitioning of dry matter: assimilate allocation, phloem transport and distribution to harvesting organs. Water use efficiency. Nitrogen use efficiency and biological nitrogen fixation. Mycorrhiza and phosphorus absorption. Reproductive growth: fruit set and development, hormonal regulation. Examples of yield improvement by genetic engineering.

Examination Methods

Module: FISIOLOGIA DELLO STRESS
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the exanìmination will be performed in three parts:

a) writtent examination (one question, 45 minutes). subject: describe one of the metabolic and/or signalling pathways involved in abiotic stress resistance.

b) preparation of a powerpoint presentation from a list of articles provided by the teacher.

c) oral discussion on the program.


Module: FISIOLOGIA DELLA PRODUZIONE
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oral