Teaching code

4S000039

Credits

7

Coordinatore

Raffaella Mariotti

Language

Italian

Moodle Seminars

The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

L’insegnamento si propone di fornire le conoscenze di scienze di base quali istologia, anatomia e fisio-logia, pre-requisito per ulteriori approfondimenti specialistici che saranno oggetto degli insegnamenti successivi; l’obiettivo è di fare apprendere agli Studenti l’organizzazione morfologica e strutturale della cellula e dei tessuti, e la conoscenza sullo sviluppo dell’embrione umano. Verranno inoltre trattate l’architettura e la morfologia anatomica di organi, sistemi ed apparati e del si-gnificato funzionale della loro organizzazione complessiva nel corpo umano; saranno inoltre fornite le basi per la comprensione dell'organizzazione generale del corpo umano, il funzionamento dei diversi organi e la loro integrazione dinamica in apparati.

Program

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MM: ISTOLOGIA ED EMBRIOLOGIA
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1) Introduction and methods: • Order of magnitude of biological structures object of study in histology • Enlarging of the objects and the resolution of the enlarged images • Optical microscopes and electron microscopes • Development of a histological preparation: fixing, cutting, coloring 2) Cytology: • Structure and function of the plasma membrane (transport, ion channels and receptors) • Structure of the nucleus, the nucleolus and nuclear membrane • Structure and function of the following cytoplasmic organelles: endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi complex, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes. • Mitosis and meiosis • Notes on cell differentiation 3) Histology • epithelial tissue • cytological features • exocrine glands: classification and their cytological features • endocrine glands: cytological characters • Muscle tissue: • skeletal muscle • heart muscle • smooth muscle • Nervous tissue: • cytological characters of the neuron • myelin sheaths • the neuroglia cells • synapses • Mesenchymal tissues (connective tissues in the broadest sense): • Blood and lymph • Connective tissue: Adipose tissue • cartilage tissues: • hyaline cartilage • elastic cartilage • fibrous cartilage • Bone tissues: • Bone non-lamellar • Bone lamellar • membranous and chondral ossification • Blood Tissue and blood cells • Red blood cells • White blood cells • platelets • plasma • hematopoietic tissue 4. Embryology • oogenesis and spermatogenesis • reproduction •week 1: morulazione, blastocyst and implantation •week 2: formation of the germinal bilaminar disc • Week 3: gastrulation, formation of germinal trilaminar disc
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MM: ANATOMIA UMANA
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Introduction to the study of human anatomy. The general structure of the body and the anatomical terminology: anatomic location; surfaces and planes; movements; parenchymatous viscera; hollow viscera; vascular and nervous bundles. Topographic Anatomy: General Organization of the human body: the body surface; cavity; thorax; abdomen; neck; head, arts. The skeleton and joints: general structure of the skeleton. Types of bones. Classification of joints. The skull : splanchnocranium and neurocranium. Description of individual cranial bones. Spine and ribcage. Basin. Shoulder girdle and upper limb bones. Pelvic girdle and lower limb bones. Muscles: muscle tissue types and their functional differentiation. The muscles of the head and neck; muscles of the trunk;pelvic muscles; limb muscles. Cardiovascular: General information; heart; arteries; microcirculation; veins; pulmonary circulation; systemic circulation; arteries and veins of large circulation; Fetal circulation elements. The blood. Respiratory system: external nose and nasal passages; the larynx; the trachea; bronchi; the lungs; pleurae. Urinary system: kidney; renal pelvis; ureter; bladder; male urethra and prostate; the female urethra. iuxtaglomerula system. Endocrine system: the topography, structure and function of the major endocrine glands. Female reproductive system: ovary; fallopian tubes; uterus; vagina; the external genitalia; placenta. Male reproductive system: General information; testicle; sperm streets; the external genitals.
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MM: FISIOLOGIA UMANA
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Introduction to physiology: Mention on the foundation of physiology – The Levels of Organization – Homeostasis and mechanisms of control – Body Composition – Osmosis, osmotic pressure and tonicity Cellular dynamics: Cellular membrane and cellular communication (membrane transport; ion channels; membrane potential; action potential genesis and its propagation; neural synapse and neuromuscular junction) The nervous system: Central and peripheral nervous system – Autonomic nervous system The Muscular System: Skeletal and smooth muscle (contractile and regulatory proteins; muscle contraction and its control) – Mechanics of body movement Cardiovascular system: The heart and its functions (cardiac muscle; heart electrical and mechanical activity; EKG) – Static and dynamic aspects of the cardiovascular system (flux; distribution) – Lymphatic system – Differences with fetal blood circulatory system Respiratory system: Pulmonary function and mechanics (airflow volumes and resistances) – Pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange (respiratory gas transport) Urinary system: Renal function (nephron; core processes) – Regulation of renal function (sodium balance; acid-base regulation)

Bibliography

Examination Methods

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MM: ISTOLOGIA ED EMBRIOLOGIA
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The oral exam includes two questions, one concerning the cytology/histology program and the other concerning the embryology program. In order to pass the exam , each question concerning a specific program topic must be answered with competence and preparation deemed at least sufficient and evaluated in 18/30.
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MM: ANATOMIA UMANA
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The oral exam will take place in presence of all three teachers for each single, integrated course (Histology, Human Anatomy and Human Physiology); exams will be in co-presence in the same classroom; at the end of the interview the commission will provide a final evaluation, weighted by the CFU of the three courses. Each course must result sufficient for the final evaluation.
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MM: FISIOLOGIA UMANA
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Oral examination