Training and Research

PhD school courses/classes - 2024/2025

Please note: Additional information will be added during the year. Currently missing information is labelled as “TBD” (i.e. To Be Determined).

1. PhD students must obtain a specified number of CFUs each year by attending teaching activities offered by the PhD School.
First and second year students must obtain 8 CFUs. Teaching activities ex DM 226/2021 provide 5 CFUs; free choice activities provide 3 CFUs.
Third year students must obtain 4 CFUs. Teaching activities ex DM 226/2021 provide 2 CFUs; free choice activities provide 2 CFUs.
More information regarding CFUs is found in the Handbook for PhD Students: https://www.univr.it/phd-vademecum

2. Registering for the courses is not required unless explicitly indicated; please consult the course information to verify whether registration is required or not. When registration is actually required, instructions will be sent well in advance. No confirmation e-mail will be sent after signing up. Please do not enquiry: if you entered the requested information, then registration was silently successful.

3. When Zoom links are not explicitly indicated, courses are delivered in presence only.

4. All information we have is published here. Please do not enquiry for missing information or Zoom links: if the information you need is not there, then it means that we don't have it yet. As soon as we get new information, we will promptly publish it on this page.

Summary of training activities

Teaching Activities ex DM 226/2021: Linguistic Activities

Teaching Activities ex DM 226/2021: Research management and Enhancement

Teaching Activities ex DM 226/2021: Statistics and Computer Sciences

Teaching Activities: Free choice

Credits

0.5

Language

English

Class attendance

Free Choice

Location

VERONA

Learning objectives

The classic model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation, transport across the central nervous system, and absorption is based on the circulation theory. This model, where CSF is thought to be secreted by the choroid plexus, and to circulate from the ventricles into the cisterns and the subarachnoid spaces (SAS), is no longer considered reliable. Several studies indicate that CSF can be produced and absorbed throughout the entire CSF system, notably the ependyma, the perineural SAS, and the Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS). The discovery of the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in the choroidal plexus and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the end-feet of astrocytes underlying pia mater, has shed new light into the mechanisms of fluid exchange between intracranial compartments. In this emerging model, CSF has a direct correlation with the brain interstitial fluid (ISF), the blood circulation, and the lymphatic system. These new insights into the physiology and homeostasis of CSF, together with the new advances in neuroimaging, espe- cially in MRI techniques, might have relevant implications for understanding the mechanisms at the base of brain pathologies.
Aims of the course are: 1) focusing on the historical background about research on CSF; 2) clarifying the anatomy of CSF pathways and the CSF dynamics, 3) discuss the current knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of circumventricular organs.

Prerequisites and basic notions

Basic knowledge of human anatomy and physiology

Program

The classic model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation, transport across the central nervous system, and absorption is based on the circulation theory. This model, where CSF is thought to be secreted by the choroid plexus, and to circulate from the ventricles into the cisterns and the subarachnoid spaces (SAS), is no longer considered reliable. Several studies indicate that CSF can be produced and absorbed throughout the entire CSF system, notably the ependyma, the perineural SAS, and the Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS). The discovery of the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in the choroidal plexus and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the end-feet of astrocytes underlying pia mater, has shed new light into the mechanisms of fluid exchange between intracranial compartments. In this emerging model, CSF has a direct correlation with the brain interstitial fluid (ISF), the blood circulation, and the lymphatic system. These new insights into the physiology and homeostasis of CSF, together with the new advances in neuroimaging, especially in MRI techniques, might have relevant implications for understanding the mechanisms at the base of brain pathologies. Aims of the course are: 1) focusing on the historical background about research on CSF; 2) clarifying the anatomy of CSF pathways and the CSF dynamics, 3) discuss the current knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of circumventricular organs.

Didactic methods

Frontal lesson with discussion

Learning assessment procedures

Check based on frequency and active participation in the discussion

Students with disabilities or specific learning disorders (SLD), who intend to request the adaptation of the exam, must follow the instructions given HERE

Assessment

Check based on frequency and active participation in the discussion

Criteria for the composition of the final grade

Attendance-based eligibility

Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs

This initiative contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN Agenda 2030. More information on sustainability
Course lessons
PhD Schools lessons

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Guidelines for PhD students

Below you will find the files that contain the Guidelines for PhD students and rules for the acquisition of ECTS credits (in Italian: "CFU") for the Academic Year 2023/2024.

Documents

Title Info File
File pdf Dottorandi: linee guida generali (2024/2025) pdf, it, 104 KB, 29/10/24
File pdf PhD students: general guidelines (2024/2025) pdf, en, 107 KB, 29/10/24