Teaching code

4S000100

Credits

8

Coordinatore

Silvia Vincenzi

Moodle

The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

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MM: MALATTIE CARDIOVASCOLARI
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To provide the basis of the principal cardiovascular diseases, their clinical presentation and diagnostic methods.
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MM: INFERMIERISTICA CLINICA MEDICA
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The teaching focuses on chronical diseased patient’s caring, in stability and instability phases (hearth deficit, IMA and angina, BPCO and asthma). The approach considers caring contents and modalities aiming at activate particular self-caring behaviors, considering that most of chronical diseased patients live in a residence and they stay in hospitals for very short time. Patient’s problems will be token on considering their evolution, the patient’s rational evaluation and the choice of helpful caring based on evidences, pertinence and patient’s needs. Instability/worsen again will be token on with a caring protocol. The patient’s disease’ impact and past lived will be considered; the rehabilitation and palliative aspects concerning symptom’s advanced stages (dyspnea) will be explored. This teaching is based on 1st year’s caring (breath evaluation, hypoxia’s symptoms and meanings, dyspnea, O2 therapy’s precepts, nursing precepts, surveillance), physiology, physiopathology and general pathology knowledges. Contents are connected with the next two modules: therapeutic education and community nursing aim to manage with praecox demission’s trend and the demission’s moment’s necessity.
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MM: PNEUMOLOGIA
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Respiratory diseases are very frequent and have a high socio-economic impact. In fact, among the first ten causes of hospitalization in the field of internships include respiratory failure, lung neoplasms, COPD and bronchial asthma. In any hospital ward, the nurse will then be called to manage oxygen therapy, inhalation therapy, non-invasive mechanical ventilation and the most frequent diagnostic modalities, such as bronchoscopy or the placement of a pleural drainage. The aim of the Pneumology lessons is therefore to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of the main respiratory diseases and the subsequent management. In particular, the nurse must be able to manage respiratory failure, oxygen therapy, asthmatic crisis and COPD exacerbation.
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MM: MEDICINA INTERNA
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Objectives are to understand and describe physiopathological mechanisms underlying diseases of internistic interest with the aim of comprehending and analyzing the diagnostic and therapeutic paths to identify the specific nursing needs of each of the affected person.
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MM: ONCOLOGIA MEDICA
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Four main learning outcomes will be pursued, as follows: • To know and critically put in the context the principles of Medical Oncology and Palliative Care. • Know the main symptoms of organ tumors and related diagnostic procedures. • Knowing the goals of treatment, and specific strategies (principles of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies). • Learn about the support network and be able to refer the patient in the most suitable location. The teaching focuses on chronical diseased patient’s caring, in stability and instability phases (hearth deficit, IMA and angina, BPCO and asthma). The approach considers caring contents and modalities aiming at activate particular self-caring behaviors, considering that most of chronical diseased patients live in a residence and they stay in hospitals for very short time. Patient’s problems will be token on considering their evolution, the patient’s rational evaluation and the choice of helpful caring based on evidences, pertinence and patient’s needs. Instability/worsen again will be token on with a caring protocol. The patient’s disease’ impact and past lived will be considered; the rehabilitation and palliative aspects concerning symptom’s advanced stages (dyspnea) will be explored. This teaching is based on 1st year’s caring (breath evaluation, hypoxia’s symptoms and meanings, dyspnea, O2 therapy’s precepts, nursing precepts, surveillance), physiology, physiopathology and general pathology knowledges. Contents are connected with the next two modules: therapeutic education and community nursing aim to manage with praecox demission’s trend and the demission’s moment’s necessity.
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MM: MALATTIE INFETTIVE
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The teaching is focused on the assistance to patients with acute or chronic infectious problems and on the main measures for the prevention of infections in the hospital environment, in particular those in which nurses play an essential role. Particular emphasis is given to the recognition of symptoms, signs and vital signs that can configure an infectious emergency, risk factors for the acquisition of nosocomial infections and procedures to prevent their onset. Of the pathologies treated, a global and national epidemiological picture, and whenever possible a regional and local one, are provided and so are the essential notions on the modalities of transmission and on the pathophysiology; the main symptoms and clinical signs are indicated, as well as key laboratory tests and respective advantages and limitations, and some hints of therapy. The specific role and contribution of the nursing profession (as refers to assistance, prevention and education) is highlighted, especially considering high-risk patients.

Program

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MM: MALATTIE CARDIOVASCOLARI
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Course table of contents Chapter 1 Anatomy of the heart and vessels Chapter 2 Cardiovascular physiology, and bases of hemodynamics The cardiac cycle Bases of electrocardiography Pulmonary gas exchange Tissue perfusion Chapter 3 Diagnostic techniques based on physiopathology Electrocardiogram, stress test and Holter-loop recorder Chest X-ray and CT scan Echocardiogram SPECT Chapter 4 Ischemic heart disease Epidemiology and risk factors Atherosclerosis and chronic coronary artery disease Acute coronary syndromes Acute myocardial infarction Myocardial revascularization techniques Chapter 5 Basis of electrocardiography Syncope and arrhythmias Syncope Brady and tachy arrhythmias Chapter 6 Heart failure, heart valve disease and cardiomyopathies Cardiac dyspnea Right and left heart failure Cardiomyopathies Valve heart disease Chapter 7 Invasive Cardiology
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MM: INFERMIERISTICA CLINICA MEDICA
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Night support and patient surveillance. Main problems’ supporting management or cardiovascular and respiratory diseases’ surveillance
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MM: PNEUMOLOGIA
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1) Anatomy and Physiology of the respiratory system 2) signs and symptoms of respiratory diseases 3) Instrumental investigations in the pneumological field 4) Respiratory function investigations 5) duties of the nurse 6) Respiratory failure 7) Chronic Obstructive Broncopneimopathy and Night Apnea Syndrome 8) Pulmonary emphysema 9) Bronchial asthma 10) Respiratory Rehabilitation 11) Non-invasive mechanical ventilation 12) Pleurisy and respiratory infections
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MM: MEDICINA INTERNA
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- Anaemias including erythrocytopathies and hemoglobinopathies, lymphomas and acute and chronic leukemias - Haemorragic and thrombotic diseases: major clnical features and overview of therapeutic appoaches - Heart failure: pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms, therapeutic approaches - Arterial hypertension: risk factors, therapeutic approaches, early and late-onset complications - Rheumatologic diseases: major clinical features in particolar of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus
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MM: ONCOLOGIA MEDICA
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• General findings of tumor biology, carcinogenesis and risk factors. • Staging and prognostic factors: implications for approaching the patients. • General principles and overall treatment strategy. • General findings of chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, cancer pain management.
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MM: MALATTIE INFETTIVE
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Hospital infections and antibiotic resistance: the most frequent, their epidemiological impact, how to prevent them, how to help prevent complications, which patients are at greatest risk. Risk for personnel. The importance of hand washing as a shared culture. Sepsis: correct definition of SIRS, bacteremia, sepsis andseptic shock; etiology; global and local epidemiological aspects and main risk factors; main pathogenic mechanisms; clinical aspects and principles of supportive and specific therapy. Meaning of the main laboratory markers, indication and interpretation of blood cultures. Meningitis: definition, classification and etiology of bacterial versus aseptic meningitis, epidemiology and its modifications by vaccination, main symptoms and clinical signs, diagnosis, hints of therapy, identification of isolation needs, vaccination and prophylaxis and their indications. Hepatitis: definition, epidemiology, transmission, most important clinical signs, prevention, vaccine and therapy Tuberculosis: global, national, regional and local epidemiology also in relation to the nationality and influence of HIV; epidemiology of multi-resistant TB; pathophysiology; distinction between latent infection and disease and respective measures; isolation, individual protection and their indications; outline of therapy and importance of ensuring compliance. Malaria: global, national, regional and local epidemiology also in relation to nationality; classical transmission versus cryptic malaria; biological cycle of plasmodium in the human host; the phenomenon of recrudescence; hints of pathophysiology and clinical picture with particular reference to complicated malaria; diagnosis; hints of therapy and chemoprophylaxis. HIV - AIDS: global and national epidemiological aspects and their modifications over time; main modes of transmission; screening and confirmatory diagnosis; outline of immunology and pathogenesis; main clinical aspects including opportunistic infections; HIV and TB; other coinfections; HIV and tumors; hints of antiretroviral therapy and treatment of opportunistic infections; main preventive measures and principles of post-exposure prophylaxis.

Examination Methods

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MM: MALATTIE CARDIOVASCOLARI
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Written multiple choice
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MM: INFERMIERISTICA CLINICA MEDICA
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Writing test
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MM: PNEUMOLOGIA
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10 multiple board questions, one for each of the topics covered. Pneumology applications are included in the single test for internal diseases
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MM: MEDICINA INTERNA
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Written multiple choices test
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MM: ONCOLOGIA MEDICA
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Written test.
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MM: MALATTIE INFETTIVE
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WRITING TEST

Bibliografia