Teaching code

4S000084

Credits

4

Coordinator

Simone Accordini

Language

Italian

Moodle Seminars 0

The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

This course aims to develop students’ critical appraisal skills, with a particular emphasis on research articles and guidelines in the nursing literature. STATISTICS The aim of the course "Health statistics and clinical epidemiology" is to provide the theoretical and practical tools for assessing the frequency of diseases in human populations and the associated risk factors. The course therefore aims to provide expertise in epidemiology and bio-statistics. At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate to have understood the basic bio-statistical methods applied to epidemiology and the elements of an epidemiological study. EVIDENCE BASED NURSING This course provides an introduction to Evidence Based Practice principles, with a particolar emphasis on critical appraisal or assessement of research evidence in the health sciences literature. The development of critical appraisal skills is important for informing clinical practice. Students will learn important research skills such as how to define an answerable clinical research question, how to efficiently search for evidence on the most important databases, and develop the skills necessary to critically appraise or assess the validity and the generalizalibilty of a research article or a clinical practice guideline.

Program

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MM: METODOLOGIA DELL'INFERMIERISTICA BASATA SULLE EVIDENZE
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Introduction to Evidence –Based Practice (EBP) The significance of EBP in the development of nursing science Definition of Evidence Based Nursing (EBN) Steps of the EBP/EBN Clinical question formulation using the PICO format Background and foreground questions Searching for the best evidence Designing and conducting the search for evidence in multiple evidence databases Searching databases: PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO®, Tripdatabase Main quantitative research designs Reading a scientific article: definition of research questions, aims and hypothesis,dependent and independent variable, target population, accessible population and study sample, randomization, primary and secondary outcomes. Instruments of EBP: sistematic review, meta-analysis, guideline, Critical Appraisal Topic
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MM: STATISTICA SANITARIA E EPIDEMIOLOGIA CLINICA
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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS The collection of biomedical data: - stages of a scientific study; - population, sample and statistical units; - measurement process and measurement scales; - validity, accuracy and precision of a measuring instrument. The synthesis of biomedical data: - univariate frequency distributions (absolute, relative, relative percentage and cumulative frequencies); - graphical representation of a univariate frequency distribution (pie chart, bar chart, histogram, ogive); - bivariate frequency distributions (two-way frequency tables); - measures of central tendency (mode, percentiles and median, simple and weighted arithmetic means); - measures of dispersion (range, interquartile range, deviance, variance, standard deviation). PROBABILITY Elements of probability theory: - sample space, elementary and compound events, logical operations on events; - definitions of probability (classical, frequentist); - axiomatic theory of probabilities; - rules of probability calculation (addition, product); - independent and conditional probabilities; - probability estimates; - Bernoulli and Gauss distributions. Validity of a screening test (sensitivity and specificity). EPIDEMIOLOGY The objects of epidemiology: - outcome; - measures of disease frequency (prevalence, cumulative incidence, incidence rate); - determinant. The occurrence relation and measures of association: - attributable risk; - relative risk and odds ratio. Classification of epidemiological studies. Main designs of an epidemiological study: - ecological; - cross-sectional; - case-control; - cohort; - clinical trial. INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL INFERENCE Point and interval estimation (confidence interval). The logic of statistical testing (null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, p-value). The module is structured in frontal lessons during which the topics listed in the program are presented and discussed, exercises are solved and results of statistical analyses of biomedical data are interpreted. The didactic material (slides of the lessons, exercises with solutions) is made available to the students on the e-learning web page of the course (Moodle platform).

Bibliography

Examination Methods

The final examination consists of one written test and one oral exam. To pass the final examination, the student must get a score of not less than 18/30 in each test. The final mark (in thirtieths) is the average of the two scores.
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MM: METODOLOGIA DELL'INFERMIERISTICA BASATA SULLE EVIDENZE
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The final examination will consist of an oral exam to assess students' understanding of the EBP concepts covered in the course and their ability to apply critical appraisal skills to the assessment and interpretation of clinical evidence. The exam is passed if the overall evaluation of the course is greater than or equal to 18/30. The overall evaluation of the answers to the questions is expressed out of 30.
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MM: STATISTICA SANITARIA E EPIDEMIOLOGIA CLINICA
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The final examination is a written test (duration of the test: 2 hours). The written test covers potentially all the topics listed in the program and is structured in groups of questions related to solving exercises and understanding the theory. Items are formulated as short answer questions and multiple-choice questions. The questions in the written test aim to assess the ability: - to calculate descriptive statistics, probabilities and epidemiological measures; - to critically use descriptive statistics and epidemiological measures; - to choose the most appropriate study design in relation to a given research question in the field of epidemiology; - to interpret tables and graphs reporting the results of inferential statistical analyses of biomedical data. Each question is assigned a score. The grade of the test (expressed in thirtieths) is given by the sum of the scores obtained by correctly answering the individual questions. The test is considered passed if the student gains a minimum grade of 18/30.