Teaching code

4S000090

Teacher

Anna Benini

Credits

2

Language

Italian

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY

Period

2 SEMESTRE PROFESSIONI SANITARIE dal Jan 7, 2025 al Sep 30, 2025.

Courses Single

Not Authorized

Lessons timetable Moodle Seminars 0

To show the organization of the course that includes this module, follow this link:  Course organization

Program

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY Definition of drug, medicinal specialty, generic drug, biosimilar, galenic preparation and magistral. Origin of drugs and phases that lead to their placing on the market. Situation of the drug market in Italy. The package leaflet. Off-label use. International classification of drugs. Unit of measurement of drug consumption: Defined Daily Dose (DDD). Symptomatic, curative, preventive and replacement drugs. Differences between the various actions of drugs: systemic or local, direct or indirect, primary or secondary, collateral, immediate or delayed action. Pharmacokinetics: absorption (mechanisms, routes of administration, formulations), distribution (drug-protein binding, vascularization, blood-brain and placental barriers), metabolism and elimination of drugs. Pharmacokinetic parameters (bioavailability, volume of distribution, half-life, clearance). Pharmacodynamics: general mechanisms by which drugs act, concept of receptor, drug-receptor interaction, agonism and antagonism, affinity and intrinsic activity of drugs. Adverse drug reactions and toxicology Clinical risk from drugs: treatment errors and classification of adverse drug reactions. Pharmacovigilance: spontaneous reporting and the role of the nurse. Drug dependence. Embryo-fetal toxicity. Pharmacotherapy Definition of the concepts of risk/benefit and cost/benefit applied to drugs. Definition of the terms “placebo” and “compliance”. Dose, maximum dose, effective dose, posology, therapeutic index. Therapeutic blood levels, blood peak, therapeutic window, accumulation, toxic concentrations. Monitoring of therapy. Interactions between drugs. Variability in pharmacological response: problems of therapy in children, the elderly, and patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency. Anti-infective chemotherapeutics: selective toxicity, spectrum of action, differences between bacteriostatics and bactericidal agents, bacterial resistance. Characteristics and adverse reactions of the main groups of antibiotics, antifungals and antivirals. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol.

Bibliography

Didactic methods

Written exam with closed questions with multiple choice answers and/or open questions with short answers, semi-structured questions (e.g. completing a paragraph, building a therapeutic scheme, etc.)

Learning assessment procedures

Modules of General Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy. Written exam with multiple choice questions, semi-structured questions (e.g. paragraph complement, construction of a therapeutic scheme, etc.) of each of the 4 modules that make up the exam.

Evaluation criteria

Sufficient grade (47/78) in all four parts that make up the exam

Exam language

Italiano

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