The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

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MM: BIOINGEGNERIA ELETTRONICA
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Provide an overview of electronic bioengineering with particular reference to applications and biomedical technologies. Acquire the tools to the knowledge of the main laboratory equipment. Acquire basic knowledge of management of equipment and medical devices in the hospital. Acquire medical IT skills and health information systems. To acquire fundamentals of Hospital Information Systems (HIS), laboratory in particular. Learn about security issues and privacy of digital clinical data.
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MM: FISICA APPLICATA A MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA
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The Course is designed to provide the student the basic knowledge of physics, taking particular account of those principles and laws that will be needed to comprehend and to have a deeper understanding of biomedical problems.
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MM: STATISTICA MEDICA
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The course is aimed at enabling the student to: - estimate accuracy and precision of measurements performed in the biomedical field; - properly synthetize and summarize the information collected on a series of patients; - compute the probability of a single event or several events
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MM: MISURE ELETTRICHE ED ELETTRONICHE
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Provide an overview of the basic components and electronic circuits with particular emphasis on applications and references to the equipment used by laboratory technicians and specific emphasis on the chain of detection of physical , electrical transduction , converting them into digital signals .

Program

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MM: BIOINGEGNERIA ELETTRONICA
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Bioengineering, biosignals and biomedical instrumentation The main biomedical signals. Analysis of biomedical signals: acquisition, amplification, filtering, analog / digital conversion, processing and presentation. The classification of biomedical instrumentation. Laboratory diagnostic instrumentation The main analysis equipment in a Clinical Chemistry Laboratory. Esample: modular analyzer. The diagnostic equipment management in hospital. Diagnostic equipment: acquisition, testing, management and discharge. Medical Device (DM) and in vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices (IDV): legal and technical standards, CE marking. The medical software such as DM. Medical informatics. Health Information System. Hospital Information System (HIS) and its main subsystems: Anagrafe, CUP, ADT, PS, OE, Repository, LIS, RIS, PACS and CIS. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Electronic Health Record (EHR). Standardization of health data: integration and interoperability (DICOM, HL7 and IHE). Information Security and Privacy in Healthcare Medical digital data and the need for security and privacy. Codice Privacy and the minimum security measures (D.Lgs. n. 186/2003). Technological and organizational solutions to ensure security and privacy of data. Laboratory Information System LIS The flow and the working phases of the sample in the laboratory. The technical validation of the results. LIS integration with devices and HIS. Telelaboratory.
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MM: FISICA APPLICATA A MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA
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Introduction Physical quantities, Base physical quantities and derived physical quantities. Standards of lenght, mass and time. MKS and cgs systems of units. Cartesian frame of reference. Vector and scalar quantities. Components and magnitude of a vector. Addition and subtraction of vectors. Unit vectors. The scalar products of two vectors. Mechanics Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration. Average and instantaneous velocity. Particle under constant velocity. Average and instantaneous acceleration. Particle under constant acceleration. Forces . The principles of dynamics . Law of universal gravity. Weight. Definition of Work and Energy. Kinetic energy. Work-kinetic energy theorem. Conservative forces. Potential energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Power. Fluids Definition of Fluid. Density. Pressure. Archimede’s principle. Variation of pressure with depth (Stevin’s Law). Pascal’s Law. Measurement of atmospheric pressure or Torricelli’s experiment. Pressure Units: atm, mmHg, Pa. Pressure measurements. Archimede’s principle. Fluid dynamics. Bernoulli’s equationU-tube manometers. Flow. Measurement of arterial blood pressure. Perfect fluid. Continuity equation for flow and its application to blood circulation. Bernoulli’s theorem and its application to stenosis and aneurysm. Real fluid and viscosity. Blood viscosity. Poiseuille’s Law. Physiological effects of hydrostatic pressure. Thermal phenomena and gases Temperatue, heat. Thermal expansion. Mercury thermometer. Celsius, Kelvin anf Farheneit Scale. Thermal capacity, specific heat. Mechanical equivalent of heat. Gas laws: First and second Gay-Lussac laws. The absolute temperature (Kelvin Scale). Boyle’s law. Avogadro’s law. Ideal gas law. Thermodynamic systems and process. First and second law of thermodynamics. Heat transport by conduction, convection and radiation. Electrical phenomena Electric charge. Coloumb’s law. Electic field, potential energy and electric potential. Electric current. Ohm’s law. Resistance and resistivity. Conductors and insulators. The electronvolt. books: 1) Monaco V., Sacchi R., Solano A., Elementi di Fisica, McGrawHill 2) Borsa F., Introzzi G.L. Scannicchio D., Elementi di Fisica per Diplomi di indirizzo medico biologico, Edizioni Unicopli, 2003. 3) Borsa F., Lezioni di Fisica e Biofisica Medica, Milano, Ed. La Gogliardica Pavese, 1980
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MM: STATISTICA MEDICA
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INTRODUCTION The role of Statistics in Health Professions. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Different measurement scales – Statistical variables and their presentation through frequency distributions: one-entry or double-entry tables – Measures of central tendency: mean (arithmetic, geometric, weighted), median, mode, percentiles – Measures of dispersion: range, interquartile range, sum of squares, variance (mean square), standard deviation, variation coefficient PROBABILITY Classic, frequentist, subjective interpretations of probability – Sum and product rules of probability – Independent and dependent events and conditional probability.
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MM: MISURE ELETTRICHE ED ELETTRONICHE
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Elements of the theory of the measures. Measurement errors. Propagation of errors. Electrical circuits and physical laws in electrical engineering. Characteristics of electrical and electronic components in general. The galvanometer. Measuring instruments and sizes typical of perfusion. Ammeters and voltmeters DC and ca. Definition and purpose of a measure. Fundamentals and derivatives. International System of Units. Fundamental units. Units and samples of the electrical measurements. Systematic errors and accidental; insensitivity instrumental errors. Classification errors. Propagation of the absolute and relative errors of two or more measured physical quantities. Ohm's law; electrical resistance and electrical resistivity. Joule effect and electric power. Equivalent resistance of electric resistors connected in series and parallel. Electromotive Force. Calculation of the current in a circuit. Kirchhoff's laws, definition of electrical network, nodes and branches. Mesh analysis for the calculation of the currents in an electrical network. Definition of electrostatic capacity of capacitors and plans. Equivalent capacitance of capacitors connected in series and in parallel. Definition of magnetic flux. Faraday's law. Electrical inductance. Measurement of voltage and current with amperometric method volts. Galvanometers; Measuring instruments and sizes typical of perfusion. Ammeters and voltmeters DC and ca. Groups and types of transducers and peculiarities of each. Practical applications of calculation of uncertainties and expression of a measurement with electronic or digital devices.

Bibliography

Examination Methods

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MM: BIOINGEGNERIA ELETTRONICA
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Written examination followed by oral discussion.
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MM: FISICA APPLICATA A MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA
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Written test (multiple choice test) followed by an optional oral test.
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MM: STATISTICA MEDICA
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The written examination will consists of about 15 multiple choice questions with 5-8 possible answers, and one exercise on simple data sets. Wrong answers to the written examination will be orally discussed with the student.
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MM: MISURE ELETTRICHE ED ELETTRONICHE
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Written exam with exercises and oral questions with possible interview .