Teaching code

4S007368

Teacher

Roberto Burro

Coordinator

Roberto Burro

Credits

6

Language

Italian

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

M-PSI/01 - GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY

Period

Sem. 2A dal Feb 19, 2024 al Mar 29, 2024.

Courses Single

Authorized

Lessons timetable Moodle Seminars 0

Learning objectives

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
- Understand the known principles underlying the processes of thinking, reasoning, problem solving and decision making that guide the behavior of individuals and groups.
- Apply the known principles underlying the processes of thinking, reasoning, problem solving and decision making that guide the behavior of individuals and groups.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
The course will consider the main theories of thinking and reasoning, including logical, probabilistic, and analogical reasoning. A significant part of the course will be dedicated to the study of research related to cognitive biases and decision making, referring to theories and models on the automatic vs reflective functions of thinking activity. The teaching has the following specific training objectives:
- understand the known principles underlying the processes of thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making that guide the behavior of individuals and groups;
- apply the known principles underlying the processes of thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making that guide the behavior of individuals and groups;
- analyze the differences between human thinking and algorithmic processes.

Prerequisites and basic notions

No prior knowledge is required

Program

- Automatic mind vs serial mind
- System 1 vs System 2
- Interactions between system 1 and system 2
- Interactions: seeing vs knowing
- Interactions: the search for a compromise
- Cognitive effort and mental laziness
- Cognitive effort and mydriasis
- More on cognitive effort
- Optimal cognitive effort
- Cognitive effort and self-control
- The depletion of the self
- Depletion of the ego and blood glucose
- The lazy system 2
- Relationship between intelligence, control and rationality
- The associative mechanism (of system 1)
- The priming effect
- The ideomotor priming effect
- The reversed ideomotor priming effect
- Priming and stimuli
- The Lady Macbeth effect
- Cognitive fluency
- Cognitive fluidity, memory illusions and déjà vu
- Illusions of truth
- How to be persuasive
- Tension and cognitive effort
- The pleasure of cognitive fluency
- The exposure effect
- Creativity, fluency, mood and intuition
- Surprise and normality
- Communication and normality
- Causality and intention
- Jump to intuitive conclusions and mistakes
- Jump to conclusions, context and recency
- Belief bias
- Confirmation bias
- Bias "halo effect"
- WYSIATI: What You See Is All There Is
- WYSIATI and judgment and choice bias
- How are judgments formed?
- Basic evaluations (series and prototypes)
- Intensity matching
- The "mental smack"
- Heuristic substitution of questions
- 3D heuristics
- Heuristics of mood and happiness
- Heuristics of affection
- The difficult relationship between the mind and statistics
- Variability
- The law of small numbers
- The bias of certainty with respect to doubt
- Cause and case
- Cause, case and cognitive illusions
- Anchoring effect
- Anchoring effect as adjustment and as priming
- The anchor index
- Reasonableness / randomness of the anchor
- Anchoring and arbitrary rationing
- Anchoring and threats
- Estimate the frequency of a category
- Availability heuristics
- Availability heuristics, emotion and risk
- Audience vs experts
- Cascade of availability
- The risk assessment
- The evaluation of probability
- A priori probability and heuristics of representativeness
- The ambiguities of the heuristic of representativeness
- Representativeness heuristics and system 2
- Disciplining intuition to Bayesian logic
- Heuristics vs logic: less is more
- Fallacy of the conjunction
- Persuasive vs probable
- Single evaluation vs joint evaluation
- Probability, money and joint evaluation
- Probability vs frequency
- The causes beat the statistics
- Random stereotypes
- Statistical and random a priori probabilities
- Do you teach more "from general to particular" or "from particular to general"?
- Regression towards the average
- Understanding regression
- Regressive considerations
- Correct intuitive predictions
- Non-regressive intuitions
- A test for the correction of intuitive predictions
- Excessive security: the illusion of understanding
- The hindsight and past states of knowledge
- The hindsight bias and the result bias
- The recipes of success and halo effect
- The illusion of validity
- The illusion of skill
- The illusion of the gurus
- Insights against formulas
- Multiple vs unweighted regression
- Hostility (of clinicians) towards algorithms
- The man-machine moral issue
- How to make good predictions: build a simple algorithm
- Expert intuition, intuition as recognition
- Acquire competence
- Doubts about expert intuition
- Expert intuition vs algorithms
- Regularities easily or hardly discovered: the role of feedback
- Evaluate the validity of an intuition
- Internal vs external vision
- The fallacy of planning
- The optimistic bias
- Excessive security
- The positivity of optimism
- The "pre-mortem" method
- Choices and theories
- The theory of utility learned
- The position of Bernoulli
- The theory of the prospect
- Bernoulli's mistake
- Aversion to loss
- The blind spots of prospect theory
- The reference point
- Dotation effect
- Negative events
- The asymmetric intensity of the motivations
- Subjective reference and aversion to loss
- Weights and probabilities
- Change the odds
- Possibility effect and certainty effect
- We are willing to pay for uncertainty
- Decision-making weights
- The 4-cell scheme
- Rare events
- Overestimation and overweight
- Vibrance of representation
- Carelessness for the denominator
- The power of the format
- Framing
- The tilt effect
- Inclination and fallacy effect of sunk costs
- The regret
- Blame
- Emotions, regret and guilt
- The importance of contrasting alternatives
- The inversions of preference
- Categories of judgment and intensity matching
- Framing effect
- Good and bad frames
- Experience and memory
- Happy ending and coincidences
- Well-being

Bibliography

Didactic methods

Frontal teaching. Video recordings of the lectures will be made available in the Panopto box in the elearning/moodle section of the course.

Learning assessment procedures

The examination taken during an official call will consist of a written test with thirty multiple-choice questions to be taken in 30 minutes (3 answer alternatives of which only one is correct).

Evaluation criteria

For the purposes of the final grade expressed in thirtieths, a correct answer has a value of 1 point, an incorrect answer has a value of 0 points, an answer not given has a value of 0 points.

Criteria for the composition of the final grade

For the purposes of the final grade expressed in thirtieths, a correct answer has a value of 1 point, an incorrect answer has a value of 0 points, an answer not given has a value of 0 points.

Exam language

Italian

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