Teaching code

4S009837

Academic staff

Simone Accordini, Alessandro Marcon

Coordinator

Simone Accordini

Credits

6

Language

English

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

MED/01 - MEDICAL STATISTICS

Period

Primo semestre dal Oct 4, 2021 al Jan 28, 2022.

Lessons timetable Moodle Seminars 0

Learning outcomes

The course aims at providing the students with the theoretical and practical tools needed to evaluate the frequency of diseases in human populations and the associated risk factors, i.e. expertise in epidemiology, biostatistics and information technology applied to the analysis of biomedical data. Knowledge and understanding: Knowledge and skills concerning the main designs of epidemiological studies, the statistical methods for the analysis of biomedical data and the programming syntax of a statistical software (STATA/R). Applied knowledge and understanding: a) To know the statistical techniques used for the analysis of biomedical data; b) to perform data analysis using a statistical software (STATA/R); c) to interpret the results obtained. Making judgements: Ability to choose the appropriate statistical methods in relation to the type of data and the design of the study. Communication skills: Ability to communicate the results of an analysis of biomedical data clearly and concisely. Lifelong learning skills: Ability to apply autonomously the statistical and epidemiological methodologies learned during the course on various biomedical problems.

Program

The course is structured in theoretical frontal lessons (24h) and in practical lessons (24h) on the use of a statistical software (STATA) for the quantitative analysis of biomedical data.
The teaching material is made available to the students on the e-learning web page of the course (Moodle platform).

1. Introduction to epidemiology
- Definition and key features
- Traditional classification of epidemiology

2. Measures of occurrence
- Outcomes
- Prevalence
- Cumulative incidence
- Incidence rate

3. Measures of association and public health impact
- Determinants
- Epidemiological associations
- Attributable risk (AR) and AR%
- Relative risk (RR) and Odds ratio (OR)
- Effect modification

4. Types of epidemiological studies
- Ecological studies
- Cross-sectional studies
- Cohort studies
- Case-control studies
- Experimental studies

5. Causal interpretation of an empirical association
- Statistical vs. causal associations
- Causal models in epidemiology
- Validity of a study (random error, bias, confounding)
- Types of bias
- Methods to control confounding
- Hill’s positive criteria for causality

6. Health prevention, screening and diagnostic tests
- Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention
- Validity and performance of a diagnostic test

7. Principles of inference
- Principles of sampling
- Point estimate and sampling distribution
- Confidence interval
- Hypothesis test
- Test of significance

8. Stratified analysis
- Effect modification vs. confounding
- Stratum-specific estimates
- Testing homogeneity
- Pooled estimate
- Testing the stratified null hypothesis of no association

9. Basic statistical models in epidemiological research
- Linear regression model
- Logistic regression model

10. Statistical methods for survival analysis
- Kaplan-Meier non-parametric estimator
- Cox regression model

Bibliography

Examination Methods

The final test is a written exam in computer lab. The test is the same for attending and non-attending students.
The aim of the test is to verify the knowledge of all the topics discussed and the ability to solve a biomedical problem by analyzing health data using STATA statistical software . Alternatively, students can use R statistical software.
The commands, results and interpretation of the analysis are reported in written form. In addition, students have to answer some questions to ascertain the understanding of theory.
The final evaluation is expressed in thirtieths.