The teaching is organized as follows:

Learning outcomes

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MM: MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
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The aim of this course is providing the students with knowledges of general and clinical microbiology. First, the general characteristics of various microrganisms will be treated; also the mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis will be examined. Other subjects of this course will be: specific diseases caused by various microrganism and the indications about the collection and the storage of the most important microbiological samples Il .
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MM: METODOLOGIA EPIDEMIOLOGICA, IGIENE E PROBLEMI PRIORITARI DI SALUTE
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The course introduces the student to the understanding of the determinants of health, risk factors, prevention strategies both individual and collective, and of interventions to promote the health and safety of their users. It also aims to understand the causes, the pathogenic mechanisms, and methods of prevention and control of infectious diseases.
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MM: PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SICUREZZA IN CONTESTI ASSISTENZIALI
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Learning Outcomes (knowledge and skills acquired) The course introduces the student to the understanding of the determinants of health, risk factors, prevention strategies both individual and collective, and of interventions to promote the health and safety of their users. It also aims to understand the causes, the pathogenic mechanisms, and methods of prevention and control of infectious diseases.
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MM: SICUREZZA NEGLI AMBIENTI DI LAVORO
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The course introduces the student to the understanding of the determinants of health, risk factors, prevention strategies both individual and collective, and of interventions to promote the health and safety of their users. It also aims to understand the causes, the pathogenic mechanisms and methods of prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Program

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MM: MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
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Picture of biological word: position and characteristics of microrganisms. Bacteria: cell morphology, essential and optionals components. The bacterial wall, the cytoplasmic membrane, the genetic material. Flagella, fimbriae and pili, plasmids. Endospores. Pathogenic activity: conventional and opportunistic pathogens. Various determinants of virulence with reference to exotoxins and endotoxins. Some examples of diseases mediated by production of toxins. Antibacterial drugs: classification and main mechanisms of action. The antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic sensitivity test: antibiogram and multidrug resistant bacteria. Streptococci, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Neisserie, Mycobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. Sepsis: symptoms and causes and blood culture. The nfections of central nervous system: causes, symptoms and microbiological sample. The infections of lower respiratory tract: microbiological sample. The urinary infections: specimen collection. Notices on Fungi. Viruses: morfology and organization of virions, biological behaviour. Viral replication: various replicative strategies of DNA and RNA viruses. Viral pathogenesis. Acute diseases and persistance. Latent and chronic infections. Herpesviruses, hepatitis viruses and HIV.
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MM: METODOLOGIA EPIDEMIOLOGICA, IGIENE E PROBLEMI PRIORITARI DI SALUTE
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1. Introduction to Epidemiology: definition, objectives and epidemiology characteristics, measures in epidemiology 2. The concept of health, disease and causes of disease epidemiology. Criteria for assessing the causal link 3. Epidemiological studies: descriptive, analytical, experimental 4. Elements for the evaluation of the main population health problems: major diseases in the general population, leading causes of death in the general population 5. Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases: epidemiological chain and the methods of transmission (endemic, sporadic, epidemic diseases), the direct and indirect prophylaxis of infectious diseases, the specific prophylaxis (vaccine prophylaxis, basic knowledge of serum prophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis 6. Epidemiology and primary and secondary prevention of major chronic diseases: ischemic heart disease, diabetes, COPD, malignancies 7. screening tests
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MM: PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SICUREZZA IN CONTESTI ASSISTENZIALI
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Syllabus • The infections related to care processes: epidemiology, localization, etiology, transmission routes Epidemiological surveillance and interventions to stop the chain of infection • Standard precautions Hand hygiene - Indications and technique of washing hands - Indications and technique of surgical hand Barrier measures - Use of gloves - Use of the visor / goggles - use surgical mask Antiseptics - Characteristics of products (chlorhexidine, types of solutions and concentrations, amuchina, povidone-iodine, time, keeping, deadlines) • The Deans Management, Tools and Equipment - The classification of the principals in a critical, semi-critical and non-critical. - Decontamination, cleaning, - Processes and disinfection practices, - Sterilization Processes, - Types of disinfectants (chlorine and derivatives polyphenols) - Criteria of effectiveness of disinfection high level to instruments that can not be sterilized (concentration, time, temperature) - Some operational contextualisation as the management of shopping therapy, the material for the hygiene of the patient, the sterile field, use of sterile gloves.. • Disposal of the different types of waste • Lingerie management • Principles and environmental health criteria • Health education to patients and visitors • Additional precautions for transmission by contact - Guidelines for the adoption of contact precautions; - Correct use of additional security devices contact: coat, gloves, patient positioning, patient and family education. • Additional precautions for transmission by air - Indications for taking precautions by air; - Correct use of additional security devices: FFP2-FFP3 masks. • Additional precautions for the transmission for Droplet - Guidelines for the adoption of precautions for droplet; - Correct use of additional security devices: surgical mask; - Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette
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MM: SICUREZZA NEGLI AMBIENTI DI LAVORO
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Definition of Occupational disease and injury at work Aspects of general toxicology with examples of the most common chemical hazards in hospitals,( for example disinfectants, anesthetics) Shift work and associated diseases; possible interference of shifts on circadian rhythms, on family and social life The patient handling: operative indications and risk for operators Low back pain: definition, ezio-pathogenetic classification, possible prevention, multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs, chronicity of low back pain (material taken from the Lines the European guide on low back pain) The allergic risk: basic concepts about allergies and possible allergies in the hospital setting. Allergies to latex. The biohazard: the prevention of hepatitis, HIV and TBC (assumes that the microbiology program has already addressed bacteria and viruses)

Bibliography

Examination Methods

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MM: MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA
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Written examination
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MM: METODOLOGIA EPIDEMIOLOGICA, IGIENE E PROBLEMI PRIORITARI DI SALUTE
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SCRIPT - (multiple choice test)
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MM: PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SICUREZZA IN CONTESTI ASSISTENZIALI
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Assessment methods Writing Test
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MM: SICUREZZA NEGLI AMBIENTI DI LAVORO
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Writing test