Teaching code

4S000211

Teacher

Enrico Tam

Credits

2

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

BIO/09 - PHYSIOLOGY

Language

Italian

Period

TERP ROV 1^ ANNO - 1^ SEMESTRE dal Oct 9, 2017 al Dec 15, 2017.

Lessons timetable Moodle Seminars

To show the organization of the course that includes this module, follow this link:  Course organization

Learning outcomes

Provide fundamental knowledge about:
1) Functions of organs of the human body on the basis of the physiology of the cells
2) Integration and regulation of the functions of the organs in the apparatus,
3) The relationship between the laws of chemistry and physics and physiology of cells, organs and apparatuses
4) Main physiological parameters of the healthy human.

Program

1 Cellular Physiology – Biophysics
Levels of organization of living things. Concept of the middle and internal homeostasis. Membrane structure. Movement of molecules across cell membranes. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of cell excitability: membrane potential at rest; graded potential and action potential.


2 Skeletal Muscle
Structural and molecular basis of skeletal muscle contraction. The neuromuscular synapse. Coupling between excitation and contraction. Levels of neuromuscular blockade. Mechanics and bioenergetics of muscle contraction. Typing of striated muscle fibers. Motor units. Recruitment and graduation of the force contraction.


3 Nervous System
Neuron functional anatomy. Synapse’s structure. Excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Spatial and temporal summation. Modulation of synaptic activity. Facilitation and presynaptic inhibition. General principles of nervous tissue: aggregates and neuronal circuits, receptors and effectors. Functions of sense. The receptor and the transduction process. The potential generator. Units of meaning. Receptive field. Classification of afferent fibers. Encoding of sense information. Somatic sens. Sensitivity 'to pain. Sensitivity 'taste. Smell. Functions of motion. Local control of the movement. Reflections by stretching. Stretch reflex. Coactivation alpha gamma. Recurrent inhibition. Inverse stretch reflex. Flexor reflex. Supraspinal modulation of reflex. Postural tone. Static postural reflexes. Control of postural tone. Voluntary control of movement: descending pathways and cortical areas.

4 Cardiovascular system
The blood as liquid assets and tissue. Cardiac function: ionic bases dell'autoritmicità. Coupling between excitation and contraction. Electrocardiogram. Cardiac cycle. Regulation of cardiac output: frequency and stroke volume. Elements of hemodynamics: pressure, flow and resistance. Blood pressure measurement. General information on smooth muscle. Arterioles: local factors and extrinsic factors of flow control. Blood system: diffusion processes and massive flow. Venous circulation. Regulation of blood pressure.

5 Respiratory system
Functional anatomy of the respiratory system. Respiratory mechanics. Respiratory volumes. Gas properties. Composition of alveolar air. Respiratory quotient. Exchanges and alveolar tissue of respiratory gases. Ventilation / perfusion ratio. Transport in the blood oxygen and carbon dioxide. Central generation of breath. Control of ventilation by oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. Hypoxia.

6 Renal system
Nephron’s functions: glomerular filtration. Clearance. Renal plasma flow. Tubular reabsorption. Tubular secretion. Adjusting the balance of the hydro saline. Antidiuretic hormone. Concentration and countercurrent multiplication. Regulation of potassium. Renal and extrarenal regulation of serum calcium. Renal regulation of acid-base.

7 Nutrition, metabolism, endocrinology
Functional anatomy of the alimentary canal. Secretory and motor phenomena. Salivation. Digestion and absorption. Bioenergetics: basal metabolism and activity. Elements of physiology of the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and the gonads.

Bibliografia

Examination Methods