Teaching code

4S000319

Teacher

Maria Francesca Sinni

Credits

2

Language

Italian

Scientific Disciplinary Sector (SSD)

MED/50 - APPLIED MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY

Period

Lezioni CLID Rov. 1 semestre dal Oct 1, 2019 al Dec 20, 2019.

Lessons timetable Moodle Seminars

To show the organization of the course that includes this module, follow this link:  Course organization

Learning outcomes

The course’s aim is to teach students, in line with the proposals of the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, on the promotion of oral health and the prevention of oral diseases in children and the theoretical skills required to complete a professional oral hygiene session with pediatric age patients.

Program

THE PREGNANT WOMAN
• The pregnancy: development of the fetus.
• Harmful factors for the fetus (infections, drugs, tobacco). Oral manifestations in pregnancy and predisposing factors of oral disease. Main hormonal and physiological changes of the oral cavity.
• The main pathologies in the oral cavity: gingivitis and periodontitis, gingival hyperplasia (epidis in pregnant women), dental caries, erosion of the enamel, dentinal hypersensitivity.
• Predisposing factors for oral diseases during pregnancy Influence of periodontitis on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
• Pathological complications of pregnancy: pregnancy hyperemesis, gestational diabetes, gravid hypertension. Important nutrients in pregnancy: folic acid and vitamin D.
• Promotion of oral health from the prenatal to the neonatal period Oral and professional oral hygiene in pregnant women.
• Position of the patient in an armchair and scheduling of the sessions.
• Promotion of oral health and prevention of oral diseases at age 0-2: promoting breastfeeding and milk properties, the influence of maternal lactation on oral cavity formation, preventing vertical transmission of bacteria from mother-child oral cavity, nutrition education and ECC prevention Early childhood caries, fluoroprophylaxis, home oral hygiene, first dental visit.
• Association between fever and teeth eruption.
• National guidelines for the promotion of oral health and prevention of oral diseases in developmental age (2013).
• Recommendations for the promotion of oral health in perinatal age 2014.

HINTS OF EMBRYOLOGY
• Embryological development of the facial massif and tooth: (odontogenesis, dentinogenesis, amelogenesis). Post-natal development of the facial skull.
• Teeth in the human species and eruptive phases.
• Chronological stages of development and eruption of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth. The difference between permanent and deciduous teeth.
• Morphology of deciduous and permanent teeth.
• Alterations related to tooth development and risk factors.
• Dental anomalies of eruption, number, structure, location, position, volume, shape, development. Oral traumas.
• Developmental defects: cleft lip, cleft palate and cleft palate; risk factors and classifications. Oral, physical and general characteristics. Oral hygiene interventions.

THE CHILD PATIENT
• Dentistry in children and dental phobia.
• How to approach children in different age groups in dentistry. Home and professional oral hygiene in different age groups: 0-2 years, 2-6 years, 6-12 years.
• Prevention and promotion of oral health in developmental age.
• Recognize the risk factors of malocclusions.
• harmful habits: thumb sucking or pacifier interposition of the lower lip, atypical swallowing, oral breathing.
• Role of the hygienist in children’s care.
• Caries risk factors. Evaluation of caries risk and salivary test.
• How to draw up a personalized prevention plan.
• National epidemiological survey on oral health conditions in children aged 4 and 12 in Italy 2017 (WHO).

PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS
• Anatomy of the furrows, pits and fissures. Types of sealants.
• Indication and contraindications to seal. Dental sealants are materials.
• Operating procedures.
• THE RUBBER DAM
• Background.
• Advantages and contraindications, materials and accessories, types of rubber dams and types of hooks.
• Assembly techniques for the dam.

THE ORTHODONTIC PATIENT
• Occlusion, malocclusion and Angle classifications.
• Prevention of dental and periodontal health: before, during and after orthodontic treatment.
• Food instruction.
• Oral hygiene devices for fixed and mobile braces.
• Oral and professional oral hygiene of mobile and fixed braces.
• The most frequent problems of orthodontic treatment.
• The role of dental hygienist within the team.

THE ADOLESCENT PATIENT
• The preventive role of the dental hygienist and the approach to the adolescent patient.
• Oral health and food (dental cavities and enamel erosions).
• Oral health and behavioral disorders. Bacterial plaque, gingivitis, periodontal disease.
• Effects on the oral health of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and piercings.
• Oral cancer: early signs and symptoms.
• Management of dental trauma.
• Ministry of Health: indications for the promotion of oral health in secondary schools (December 2014).
• Ministry of Health: National guidelines for the prevention and clinical management of dental traumas in individuals in children (February 2018).

Examination Methods

Written Exam.